The effect of exercise training on satellite cell response within skeletal muscles

Abstract

Muscle satellite cells are a population of precursor cells between the plasma membrane of the muscle fiber and the basement membrane with a unique role in muscle repair, maintenance and remodeling in humans and animals. The regeneration and adaptation processes of skeletal muscles when performing exercise training are facilitated by satellite cells. With this review an overview of training interventions and the accompanying satellite cell response is listed. The most important findings of this literature are the following: - Satellite cell number and activity increased when performing resistance training. Eccentric strength training is the most common training modality to induce structural damage to investigate the role of satellite cells in skeletal muscle fiber repair. Satellite cells also play an important role in non-hypertrophic stimuli via endurance training. - When performing strength training, studies show that satellite cell markers Pax7, CD56, NCAM, myogenin and Myf5 cells are up-regulated. Mixed evidence is found about the increase of MyoD. - When performing endurance training, a highly significant positive correlation was found between the number of Pax7 cells and VO2max. No or a small change is found in - MyoD and mixed evidence is found about myogenin. - Myofiber type-related differences are found in the satellite cell response to exercise in type I, type II and mixed muscles.