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Title: | Hypothermia-Induced Neurite Outgrowth is Mediated by Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha | Authors: | Schmitt, Katharina R. L. Boato, Francesco Diestel, Antje Hechler, Daniel Kruglov, Andrei Berger, Felix HENDRIX, Sven |
Issue Date: | 2010 | Publisher: | WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC | Source: | BRAIN PATHOLOGY, 20 (4). p. 771-779 | Abstract: | Systemic or brain-selective hypothermia is a well-established method for neuroprotection after brain trauma. There is increasing evidence that hypothermia exerts beneficial effects on the brain and may also support regenerative responses after brain damage. Here, we have investigated whether hypothermia influences neurite outgrowth in vitro via modulation of the post-injury cytokine milieu. Organotypic brain slices were incubated: deep hypothermia (2 h at 17 degrees C), rewarming (2 h up to 37 degrees C), normothermia (20 h at 37 degrees C). Neurite density and cytokine release (IL 1beta, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-alpha) were investigated after 24 h. For functional analysis mice deficient in NT-3/NT-4 and TNF-alpha as well as the TNF-alpha inhibitor etanercept were used. Hypothermia led to a significant increase of neurite outgrowth, which was independent of neurotrophin signaling. In contrast to other cytokines investigated, TNF-alpha secretion by organotypic brain slices was significantly increased after deep hypothermia. Moreover, hypothermia-induced neurite extension was abolished after administration of the TNF-alpha inhibitor and in TNF-alpha knockout mice. We demonstrate that TNF-alpha is responsible for inducing neurite outgrowth in the context of deep hypothermia and rewarming. These data suggest that hypothermia not only exerts protective effects in the CNS but may also support neurite outgrowth as a potential mechanism of regeneration. | Notes: | [Schmitt, Katharina R. L.] Deutsch Herzzentrum Berlin, Dept Pediat Cardiol, Clin Congenital Heart Dis & Pediat Cardiol, D-13353 Berlin, Germany. [Boato, Francesco; Hechler, Daniel; Hendrix, Sven] Charite, Ctr Anat, Inst Cell Biol & Neurobiol, Berlin, Germany. [Diestel, Antje; Berger, Felix] Charite, Dept Pediat Cardiol, Berlin, Germany. [Kruglov, Andrei] German Rheumatism Res Ctr DRFZ, AG Inflammat Biol, Berlin, Germany. [Hendrix, Sven] Univ Hasselt, Dept Funct Morphol, Hasselt, Belgium. [Hendrix, Sven] Univ Hasselt, Inst Biomed, Hasselt, Belgium. kschmitt@dhzb.de | Keywords: | brain slices; hypothermia; TNF-alpha; neurite outgrowth; traumatic brain injury; regeneration;brain slices; hypothermia; TNF-alpha; neurite outgrowth; traumatic brain injury; regeneration | Document URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/1942/10980 | ISSN: | 1015-6305 | e-ISSN: | 1750-3639 | DOI: | 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2009.00358.x | ISI #: | 000278396800008 | Category: | A1 | Type: | Journal Contribution | Validations: | ecoom 2011 |
Appears in Collections: | Research publications |
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