Reduced graphene oxide micropatterns as an interface for adherent cells

Abstract

In the present study, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is used as a biointerface for the investigation of cell adhesion of human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cells. A fast, straightforward, and substrate-independent soft lithography approach known as Micromolding In Capillaries (MIMIC) was utilized to pattern graphene oxide (GO) arrays. Large-scale GO patterns with widths and distances in the micrometer range were obtained and were subsequently reduced to rGO via an environmentally-friendly procedure using L-ascorbic acid. Physical characterization of rGO patterns and cells was performed by optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Impedance spectroscopy was used for the electrochemical characterization of GO before and after reduction. Cell adhesion and alignment was strong on the rGO micropatterns. In future assays, the rGO could combine two functions: cellular patterning and electrical interfacing of cells. HEK 293 cells aligning on rGO micro patterns (SEM image)