Prevalence of Walking-Related Motor Fatigue in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis: Decline in Walking Distance Induced by the 6-Minute Walk Test

Abstract

Objective. To investigate the individual occurrence of walking-related motor fatigue in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), according to disability level and disease phenotype. Study design. This was a cross-sectional, multinational study. Participants. They were 208 PwMS from 11 centers with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores up to 6.5. Methods. The percentage change in distance walked (distance walked index, DWI) was calculated between minute 6 and 1 (DWI6-1) of the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT). Its magnitude was used to classify participants into 4 subgroups: (1) DWI6-1[≥5%], (2) DWI6-1[5%; –5%], (3) DWI6-1[–5%; > –15%], and (4) DWI6-1[≤−15%]. The latter group was labeled as having walking-related motor fatigue. PwMS were stratified into 5 subgroups based on the EDSS (0-2.5, 3-4, 4.5-5.5, 6, 6.5) and 3 subgroups based on MS phenotype (relapsing remitting [RR], primary progressive [PP], and secondary progressive [SP]). Results. The DWI6-1 was ≥5% in 16 PwMS (7.7%), between 5% and −5% in 70 PwMS (33.6%), between −5% and −15% in 58 PwMS (24%), and ≤−15% in 64 PwMS (30.8%). The prevalence of walking-related motor fatigue (DWI6-1[≤−15%]) was significantly higher among the progressive phenotype (PP = 50% and SP = 39%; RR = 15.6%) and PwMS with higher disability level (EDSS 4.5-5.5 = 48.3%, 6 = 46.3% and 6.5 = 51.5%, compared with EDSS 0-2.5 = 7.8% and 3-4 = 16.7%; P < .05). Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that EDSS, but not MS phenotype, explained a significant part of the variance in DWI6-1 (R2 = 0.086; P < .001). Conclusion. More than one-third of PwMS showed walking-related motor fatigue during the 6MWT, with its prevalence greatest in more disabled persons (up to 51%) and in those with progressive MS phenotype (up to 50%). Identification of walking-related motor fatigue may lead to better-tailored interventions.