Linear stochastic thermodynamics for periodically driven systems

Abstract

We develop a theory of linear stochastic thermodynamics for general periodically driven, Markovian systems. Appropriate thermodynamic forces and fluxes are identified, starting from the entropy production for a Markov process. Onsager coefficients are evaluated, the Onsager–Casimir relations are verified, and explicit expressions are given for an expansion in terms of Fourier components. The results are illustrated on a periodically modulated two level system including the optimization of the power output.