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Title: | Nicotine Dependence and Urinary Nicotine, Cotinine and Hydroxycotinine Levels in Daily Smokers | Authors: | Van Overmeire, Ilse P. I. De Smedt, Tom DENDALE, Paul Nackaerts, Kristiaan Vanacker, Hilde Vanoeteren, Jan F. A. Van Laethem, Danny M. G. Van Loco, Joris De Cremer, Koen A. J. |
Issue Date: | 2016 | Publisher: | OXFORD UNIV PRESS | Source: | NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH, 18(9), p. 1813-1819 | Abstract: | Nicotine dependence and smoking frequency are critical factors for smoking cessation. The aims of this study are (1) to determine if nicotine dependence Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) scores are associated with urinary levels of nicotine metabolites, (2) to assess the relationship of hydroxycotinine/cotinine ratio with FTND score and cigarettes smoked per day (CPD), and (3) to identify significant predictors of cigarettes per day among biomarker concentrations and individual FTND items. Urine samples and questionnaire data of 239 daily smokers were obtained. Nicotine, cotinine and hydroxycotinine urinary levels were determined by UPLC MS/MS. Multiple linear regression models were developed to explore the relationship between nicotine, cotinine, hydroxycotinine levels and separate FTND scores (for all six items). We found significant correlations between the different urinary biomarker concentrations, and the FTND score. The time before the first cigarette after waking (TTFC) was significantly associated with the nicotine, cotinine and hydroxycotinine concentrations. No association was found between the ratio of hydroxycotinine to cotinine and either the FTND or the CPD. A model including four FTND questions, sex, age, and the cotinine concentration, accounted for 45% of the variance of CPD. There are significant relationships between urinary levels of nicotine, cotinine, and hydroxycotinine and the FTND score. Especially the FTND question about TTFC is relevant for explaining the biomarker concentrations. CPD (below 15) was significantly explained by four FTND dependence items and urinary cotinine levels in a regression model. We investigated associations between urinary levels of nicotine, cotinine, and hydroxycotinine in daily smokers and the FTND scores for nicotine dependence. We did not find association between the hydroxycotinine/cotinine ratio and CPD. We developed a model that explains the cigarettes smoked daily (CPD) in a group of light smokers by combining FTND items, urinary cotinine levels, sex, and age. Our results might be of importance for clinical use or future studies on larger smoking populations. | Notes: | [Van Overmeire, Ilse P. I.; De Smedt, Tom; Van Loco, Joris; De Cremer, Koen A. J.] Sci Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Food Med & Consumer Protect, Brussels, Belgium. [Dendale, Paul] Univ Hasselt, Dept Cardiol, Hasselt, Belgium. [Dendale, Paul] Jessa Hosp, Hasselt, Belgium. [Nackaerts, Kristiaan] Univ Leuven, KU Leuven, Dept Resp Dis, Univ Hosp, Leuven, Belgium. [Vanacker, Hilde] External Serv Prevent & Protect Work, IDEWE, Heverlee, Belgium. [Vanoeteren, Jan F. A.] Mensura Occupat Hlth Serv Brussels, Brussels, Belgium. [Van Laethem, Danny M. G.] Gen Hosp Oudenaarde, Oudenaarde, Belgium. | Document URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/1942/22729 | ISSN: | 1462-2203 | e-ISSN: | 1469-994X | DOI: | 10.1093/ntr/ntw099 | ISI #: | 000385631500003 | Rights: | © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. All rights reserved. | Category: | A1 | Type: | Journal Contribution | Validations: | ecoom 2017 |
Appears in Collections: | Research publications |
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File | Description | Size | Format | |
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Nicotine.pdf | Peer-reviewed author version | 826.83 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
Nicotine Dependence and Urinary Nicotine, Cotinine and Hydroxycotinine Levels in Daily Smokers.pdf Restricted Access | Published version | 145.43 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open Request a copy |
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