An environmental techno-economic assessment of algal-based biorefineries

Abstract

Microalgae have been proposed as an important feedstock for the biobased economy. However, the economic profitability and environmental impact of microalgae-based biofuels remains an issue. A microalgae-based biorefinery, valorizing multiple products, has been stated as an interesting solution. To explore the feasibility of this concept, an assessment of both the economic feasibility and environmental impact is required. This paper extends a techno-economic assessment of an algal-based biorefinery with an integrated life cycle assessment (LCA). Four different scenarios, ranging from a basic scenario with conventional technologies to more advanced scenarios with innovative technologies, are assessed. Using this environmental techno-economic assessment, the biomass productivity was identified as a crucial parameter for both the economic and environmental feasibility. The inclusion of a membrane to enable the recycling of water and salt had a positive influence on both the economic profitability and the environmental sustainability of the project. The environmental techno-economic assessment can provide important information to optimize the economic profitability and environmental impact of new technologies and to catalyze the transition to a biobased economy.