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Title: | A High Resolution Spatiotemporal Model for In-Vehicle Black Carbon Exposure: Quantifying the In-Vehicle Exposure Reduction Due to the Euro 5 Particulate Matter Standard Legislation | Authors: | Dekoninck, Luc INT PANIS, Luc |
Issue Date: | 2017 | Source: | Atmosphere, 8(11) (Art N° 230) | Abstract: | Several studies have shown that a significant amount of daily air pollution exposure is inhaled during trips. In this study, car drivers assessed their own black carbon exposure under real-life conditions (223 h of data from 2013). The spatiotemporal exposure of the car drivers is modeled using a data science approach, referred to as “microscopic land-use regression” (µLUR). In-vehicle exposure is highly dynamical and is strongly related to the local traffic dynamics. An extensive set of potential covariates was used to model the in-vehicle black carbon exposure in a temporal resolution of 10 s. Traffic was retrieved directly from traffic databases and indirectly by attributing the trips through a noise map as an alternative traffic source. Modeling by generalized additive models (GAM) shows non-linear effects for meteorology and diurnal traffic patterns. A fitted diurnal pattern explains indirectly the complex diurnal variability of the exposure due to the non-linear interaction between traffic density and distance to the preceding vehicles. Comparing the strength of direct traffic attribution and indirect noise map-based traffic attribution reveals the potential of noise maps as a proxy for traffic-related air pollution exposure. An external validation, based on a dataset gathered in 2010–2011, quantifies the exposure reduction inside the vehicles at 33% (mean) and 50% (median). The EU PM Euro 5 PM emission standard (in force since 2009) explains the largest part of the discrepancy between the measurement campaign in 2013 and the validation dataset. The µLUR methodology provides a high resolution, route-sensitive, seasonal and meteorology-sensitive personal exposure estimate for epidemiologists and policy makers. | Keywords: | black carbon; personal exposure; in-vehicle; traffic; LUR; data science; noise map | Document URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/1942/25545 | Link to publication/dataset: | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321224495_A_High_Resolution_Spatiotemporal_Model_for_In-Vehicle_Black_Carbon_Exposure_Quantifying_the_In-Vehicle_Exposure_Reduction_Due_to_the_Euro_5_Particulate_Matter_Standard_Legislation | e-ISSN: | 2073-4433 | DOI: | 10.3390/atmos8110230 | ISI #: | 000416602500024 | Rights: | © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). | Category: | A1 | Type: | Journal Contribution | Validations: | ecoom 2018 |
Appears in Collections: | Research publications |
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File | Description | Size | Format | |
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atmosphere-08-00230 (1).pdf | Published version | 1.18 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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