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Title: | Reciprocal interactions between cadmium-induced cell wall responses and oxidative stress in plants. | Authors: | LOIX, Christophe HUYBRECHTS, Michiel VANGRONSVELD, Jaco GIELEN, Marijke KEUNEN, Els CUYPERS, Ann |
Issue Date: | 2017 | Source: | Frontiers in Plant Science, 8 (Art N° 1867), p. 1-19. | Abstract: | Cadmium (Cd) pollution renders many soils across the world unsuited or unsafe for food- or feed-orientated agriculture. The main mechanism of Cd phytotoxicity is the induction of oxidative stress, amongst others through the depletion of glutathione. Oxidative stress can damage lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, leading to growth inhibition or even cell death. The plant cell has a variety of tools to defend itself against Cd stress. First and foremost, cell walls might prevent Cd from entering and damaging the protoplast. Both the primary and secondary cell wall have an array of defensive mechanisms that can be adapted to cope with Cd. Pectin, which contains most of the negative charges within the primary cell wall, can sequester Cd very effectively. In the secondary cell wall, lignification can serve to immobilize Cd and create a tougher barrier for entry. Changes in cell wall composition are, however, dependent on nutrients and conversely might affect their uptake. Additionally, the role of ascorbate (AsA) as most important apoplastic antioxidant is of considerable interest, due to the fact that oxidative stress is a major mechanism underlying Cd toxicity, and that AsA biosynthesis shares several links with cell wall construction. In this review, modifications of the plant cell wall in response to Cd exposure are discussed. Focus lies on pectin in the primary cell wall, lignification in the secondary cell wall and the importance of AsA in the apoplast. Regarding lignification, we attempt to answer the question whether increased lignification is merely a consequence of Cd toxicity, or rather an elicited defense response. We propose a model for lignification as defense response, with a central role for hydrogen peroxide as substrate and signaling molecule. | Notes: | [Loix, Christophe; Huybrechts, Michiel; Vangronsveld, Jaco; Gielen, Marijke; Keunen, Els; Cuypers, Ann] Hasselt Univ, Ctr Environm Sci, Environm Biol, Diepenbeek, Belgium. | Keywords: | cadmium; oxidative stress; cell wall; pectin; lignin; ascorbate; hydrogen peroxide | Document URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/1942/25624 | ISSN: | 1664-462X | e-ISSN: | 1664-462X | DOI: | 10.3389/fpls.2017.01867 | ISI #: | 000414004700001 | Rights: | Copyright © 2017 Loix, Huybrechts, Vangronsveld, Gielen, Keunen and Cuypers. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. | Category: | A1 | Type: | Journal Contribution | Validations: | ecoom 2018 |
Appears in Collections: | Research publications |
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fpls-08-01867.pdf | Published version | 2.43 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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