The Human Body and Psychological Trauma: Biological Explanatory Models. A review

Abstract

Background This review focusses on biological explanatory models expounding somatic dysfunction or symptoms after psychological trauma. Methods A Literature search was performed in PubMed with specific search terms. Limo and Web of Science were searched, using a funnel strategy. 1.115 articles were screened, of which 79 met the predisposed relevance criteria. 10 articles met all predefined criteria, and were assessed for quality. SWOT analysis was performed on the included studies. Results Eight explanatory models were found: Sympatho-adrenal theory, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis theory, Core Response Network theory, Preparatory Set theory, Toxic Mind theory, Brain Mechanism theory, Kindling theory, and Grounded Cognition theory. Discussion and Conclusion The average quality of the articles was moderate. Based on quality assessment The Core Response Network theory was currently evaluated as a comprehensive biological theory, explaining somatic symptoms after psychological trauma. However, implementing elements of other models should be considered to explain specific aspects of psychosomatic phenomena in trauma.