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Title: | Neither n-3 Long-Chain PUFA Supplementation of Mothers through Lactation nor of Offspring in a Complementary Food Affects Child Overall or Social-Emotional Development: A 2 x 2 Factorial Randomized Controlled Trial in Rural Ethiopia | Authors: | Argaw, Alemayehu Huybregts, Lieven Wondafrash, Mekitie Kolsteren, Patrick Belachew, Tefera WORKU, Berhanu Nigussie ABESSA, Teklu Gemechu Bouckaert, Kimberley P. |
Issue Date: | 2019 | Publisher: | OXFORD UNIV PRESS | Source: | JOURNAL OF NUTRITION, 149(3), p. 505-512 | Abstract: | Background: The n-3 (omega-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is essential for optimal brain development. There is a lack of evidence on the effect of postnatal n-3 LC-PUFA supplementation on child development in low-income countries. Objective: We evaluated the efficacy of fish-oil supplementation through lactation or complementary food supplementation on the development of children aged 6-24 mo in rural Ethiopia. Methods: We conducted a double-blind randomized controlled trial of n-3 LC-PUFA supplementation for 12 mo using fish-oil capsules [maternal intervention: 215 mg DHA + 285 mg eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)] or a fish-oil-enriched complementary food supplement (child intervention: 169 mg DHA + 331 mg EPA). In total, 360 pairs of mothers and infants aged 6-12 mo were randomly assigned to 4 arms: maternal intervention and child control, child intervention and maternal control, maternal and child intervention, and maternal and child control. Primary outcomes were overall developmental performance with the use of a culturally adapted Denver II test that assesses personal-social, language, fine-motor, and gross-motor domains and social-emotional developmental performance using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social Emotional at baseline and at 6 and 12 mo. We used mixed-effects models to estimate intervention effects on developmental performance over time (intervention x time interaction). Results: The evolution in overall and social-emotional developmental performance over time did not differ across study arms (intervention x time: F = 1.09, P = 0.35, and F = 0.61, P = 0.61, respectively). Effects did not change after adjustment for child age, birth order, and nutritional status; maternal age and education; wealth; family size; and breastfeeding frequency. Children's developmental performance significantly decreased during study follow-up (beta: -0.03 SDs/mo; 95% CI: -0.04, -0.01 SD/mo; P < 0.01). Conclusions: n-3 LC-PUFA supplementation does not affect overall or social-emotional development of children aged 6-24 mo in a low-income setting. Follow-up of the cohort is recommended to determine whether there are long-term effects of the intervention. | Notes: | [Argaw, Alemayehu; Wondafrash, Mekitie; Belachew, Tefera] Jimma Univ, Inst Hlth, Dept Populat & Family Hlth, Jimma, Ethiopia. [Worku, Berhanu N.] Jimma Univ, Coll Educ & Behav Sci, Dept Psychol, Jimma, Ethiopia. [Abessa, Teklu G.] Jimma Univ, Coll Educ & Behav Sci, Dept Special Needs & Inclus Educ, Jimma, Ethiopia. [Argaw, Alemayehu; Wondafrash, Mekitie; Kolsteren, Patrick; Bouckaert, Kimberley P.] Univ Ghent, Fac Biosci Engn, Dept Food Technol Safety & Hlth, Ghent, Belgium. [Huybregts, Lieven] Int Food Policy Res Inst, Poverty Hlth & Nutr Div, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Worku, Berhanu N.; Abessa, Teklu G.] Hasselt Univ, Fac Med & Life Sci, Biomed Res Inst, Rehabil Res Ctr REVAL, Hasselt, Belgium. | Keywords: | fish oil; docosahexaenoic acid; child development; breastfeeding; complementary feeding; developing country;fish oil; docosahexaenoic acid; child development; breastfeeding; complementary feeding; developing country | Document URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/1942/28552 | ISSN: | 0022-3166 | e-ISSN: | 1541-6100 | DOI: | 10.1093/jn/nxy202 | ISI #: | 000460159400019 | Rights: | 2019 American Society for Nutrition | Category: | A1 | Type: | Journal Contribution | Validations: | ecoom 2020 |
Appears in Collections: | Research publications |
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