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Title: | Metabolic, Mental and Immunological Effects of Normoxic and Hypoxic Training in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Pilot Study | Authors: | Maehler, Anja Balogh, Andras Csizmadia, Ilona Klug, Lars KLEINEWIETFELD, Markus Steiniger, Jochen Susnjar, Ursa Müller, Dominik N. Boschmann, Michael Paul, Friedemann |
Issue Date: | 2018 | Publisher: | FRONTIERS MEDIA SA | Source: | FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY, 9 (Art N° 2819) | Abstract: | Background: Physical activity might attenuate inflammation and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS). Erythropoietin, which is produced upon exposure to hypoxia, is thought to act as a neuroprotective agent in MS. Therefore, we studied the effects of intermittent hypoxic training on activity energy expenditure, maximal workload, serum erythropoietin, and immunophenotype focusing on regulatory and IL-17A-producing T cells. Methods: We assigned 34 relapsing-remitting MS patients within a randomized, single blind, parallel-group study to either normoxic (NO) or hypoxic (HO) treadmill training, both 3 times/week for 1 h over 4 weeks (Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02509897). Before and after training, activity energy expenditure (metabolic chamber), maximal workload (incremental treadmill test), walking ability, depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory I), serum erythropoietin concentrations, and immunophenotype of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were assessed. Results: Energy expenditure did not change due to training in both groups, but was rather fueled by fat than by carbohydrate oxidation after HO training (P = 0.002). Maximal workload increased by 40 Watt and 42 Watt in the NO and HO group, respectively (both P < 0.0001). Distance patients walked in 6 min increased by 25 m and 27 m in the NO and HO group, respectively (NO P = 0.02; HO P = 0.01). Beck Depression Inventory score markedly decreased in both groups (NO P = 0.03; HO P = 0.0003). NO training shifted Treg subpopulations by increasing and decreasing the frequency of CD39(+) and CD31(+) Tregs, respectively, and decreased IL-17A-producing CD4(+) cells. HO training provoked none of these immunological changes. Erythropoietin concentrations were within normal range and did not significantly change in either group. Conclusion: 4 weeks of moderate treadmill training had considerable effects on fitness level and mood in MS patients, both under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Additionally, NO training improved Th17/Treg profile and HO training improved fatty acid oxidation during exercise. These effects could not be attributed to an increase of erythropoietin. | Notes: | [Maehler, Anja; Balogh, Andras; Csizmadia, Ilona; Klug, Lars; Steiniger, Jochen; Susnjar, Ursa; Mueller, Dominik N.; Boschmann, Michael; Paul, Friedemann] Cooperat Charite Univ Berlin, Expt & Clin Res Ctr, Berlin, Germany. [Maehler, Anja; Balogh, Andras; Csizmadia, Ilona; Klug, Lars; Steiniger, Jochen; Susnjar, Ursa; Mueller, Dominik N.; Boschmann, Michael; Paul, Friedemann] Max Delbruck Ctr Mol Med, Berlin, Germany. [Maehler, Anja; Balogh, Andras; Klug, Lars; Mueller, Dominik N.; Boschmann, Michael; Paul, Friedemann] Berlin Inst Hlth, Berlin, Germany. [Maehler, Anja; Balogh, Andras; Mueller, Dominik N.] German Ctr Cardiovascular Res, Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany. [Balogh, Andras; Mueller, Dominik N.] Max Delbruck Ctr Mol Med, Helmholtz Assoc, Berlin, Germany. [Kleinewietfeld, Markus] Hasselt Univ, VIB Ctr Inflammat Res, VIB Lab Translat Immunomodulat, Diepenbeek, Belgium. [Susnjar, Ursa] Int Ctr Genet Engn & Biotechnol, Trieste, Italy. [Paul, Friedemann] Humboldt Univ, Charite Univ Med Berlin, Neurocure Clin Res Ctr, Berlin, Germany. [Paul, Friedemann] Humboldt Univ, Charite Univ Med Berlin, Dept Neurol, Berlin, Germany. | Keywords: | multiple sclerosis; hypoxia; endurance training; walking ability; energy metabolism; Tregs; Th17 cells;multiple sclerosis; hypoxia; endurance training; walking ability; energy metabolism; Tregs; Th17 cells | Document URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/1942/28836 | ISSN: | 1664-3224 | e-ISSN: | 1664-3224 | DOI: | 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02819 | ISI #: | 000451713000001 | Rights: | 2018 Mähler, Balogh, Csizmadia, Klug, Kleinewietfeld, Steiniger, Šušnjar, Müller, Boschmann and Paul. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted,provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms | Category: | A1 | Type: | Journal Contribution | Validations: | ecoom 2019 |
Appears in Collections: | Research publications |
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