Sustainability Analysis of an Algae-based Value Chain in North-West Europe

Abstract

The fossil-based chemical industry is facing social, economic and environmental challenges such as toxicity, carbon emissions and resource depletion. A possible sustainable solution is offered through the introduction of chemicals from bio-based feedstock. However, to ensure a sustainable bio-based transition, sustainability assessments available at a low Technology Readiness Level (TRL) need to be developed and applied to validate sustainable outcomes of new products and technologies. Previous research developed a ranked set of sustainability indicators for the assessment of bio-based chemicals. The goal of this study is to validate the proposed indicator-set by using an algae-based value chain located in North-West Europe. The use of microalgae as a feedstock for chemicals has great potential because of its unique composition, high productivity rates, low land requirements and CO2 consumption. Different scenarios for Nannochloropsis and Porphyridium as algae feedstock are analysed over the entire value chain by combining an Environmental Techno-Economic Assessment (ETEA) and social sustainability analysis. A Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) is performed to combine and weigh the sustainability impacts and communicate a final result to industrial, public and academic stakeholders. This study will be the first to integrate environmental, as well as social and economic indicators for a complete and comprehensive sustainability evaluation, within the field of bio-based chemistry.