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Title: | Sn Substitution by Ge: Strategies to Overcome the Open-Circuit Voltage Deficit of Kesterite Solar Cells | Authors: | Choubrac, Leo Baer, Marcus Kozina, Xeniya Felix, Roberto Wilks, Regan G. BRAMMERTZ, Guy Levcenko, Sergiu Arzel, Ludovic Barreau, Nicolas Harel, Sylvie MEURIS, Marc VERMANG, Bart |
Issue Date: | 2020 | Publisher: | AMER CHEMICAL SOC | Source: | ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS, 3 (6) , p. 5830 -5839 | Abstract: | Current state-of-the-art Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)(4) kesterite solar cells are limited by low open-circuit voltages (V-OC). In order to evaluate to what extent the substitution of Sn by Ge is able to result in higher V oc values, this article focuses on Cu2ZnGeSe4 "CZGSe" devices. To reveal their full potential, different strategies are explored that, in particular, aim at the optimization of the CZGSe/buffer heterojunction. Here, employing hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, it is evidenced that only a combination of different surface treatments is able to remove all detrimental secondary phases. Further improvements are achieved by establishing a solar cell heat treatment in air. A systematic study of the impact of different annealing temperatures and durations determines the best heat treatment parameters to be 60 min at 200 degrees C. Also, Zn(O,S,OH) as a more transparent alternative to the heavy-metal compound CdS buffer layer has been realized. Combining all of the strategies, solar cells with 8.5 and 7.5% total area efficiency have been prepared, which is a record for Sn-free kesterite solar cells and any kesterite solar cell with a Zn(O,S,OH) buffer, respectively. Beyond these records, this work clearly confirms the emerging trend that Ge-for-Sn substitution is a successful strategy to improve the V-OC of kesterite solar cells. | Notes: | Choubrac, L (corresponding author), Univ Nantes, UMR6502, CNRS, Inst Mat Jean Rouxel IMN, F-44300 Nantes, France.; Choubrac, L (corresponding author), Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Energie GmbH, Dept Struct & Dynam Energy Mat, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. leo.choubrac@helmholtz-berlin.de |
Other: | Choubrac, L (corresponding author), Univ Nantes, UMR6502, CNRS, Inst Mat Jean Rouxel IMN, F-44300 Nantes, France; Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Energie GmbH, Dept Struct & Dynam Energy Mat, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. leo.choubrac@helmholtz-berlin.de | Keywords: | kesterite;CZGSe;V-OC germanium;high voltage | Document URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/1942/31890 | ISSN: | 2574-0962 | DOI: | 10.1021/acsaem.0c00763 | ISI #: | WOS:000543715100081 | Rights: | 2020 American Chemical Society. | Category: | A1 | Type: | Journal Contribution | Validations: | ecoom 2021 |
Appears in Collections: | Research publications |
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File | Description | Size | Format | |
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Manuscript_revised.pdf | Peer-reviewed author version | 594.08 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
leo.pdf Restricted Access | Published version | 1.15 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open Request a copy |
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