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Title: | Physico-chemical characterisation of the fraction of silver (nano)particles in pristine food additive E174 and in E174-containing confectionery | Authors: | DE VOS, Sandra Waegeneers, Nadia Verleysen, Eveline SMEETS, Karen Mast, Jan |
Issue Date: | 2020 | Publisher: | TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD | Source: | FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS PART A-CHEMISTRY ANALYSIS CONTROL, 37 (11) , p. 1831 -1846 | Abstract: | Silver (E174) is authorised as a food additive in the EU. The unknown particle size distribution of E174 is a specific concern for the E174 risk assessment. This study characterised the fraction of silver (nano)particles in 10 commercially available pristine E174 food additives and 10 E174-containing products by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and single-particle inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (spICP-MS). TEM analysis showed that all samples contained micrometre-sized flakes and also a fraction of (nano)particles. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and electron diffraction confirmed that the (nano)particles and micrometre-sized flakes consisted of silver. A higher amount of (nano)particles was observed in the products than in the food additives. In addition, the surface of the micrometre-sized flakes was rougher in products. The median of the minimum external dimension, assessed as minimal Feret diameter, of the fraction of (nano)particles determined by quantitative TEM analysis was 11 +/- 4 nm and 18 +/- 7 nm (overall mean +/- standard deviation), for food additives and products, respectively. Similar size distributions were obtained by spICP-MS and TEM, considering the limit of detection of spICP-MS. The median of the equivalent spherical diameter of the fraction of (nano)particles determined by spICP-MS was 19 +/- 4 nm and 21 +/- 2 nm (overall mean +/- standard deviation), for food additives and products, respectively. In all samples, independent of the choice of technique, the nano-sized particles represented more than 97% (by number) of the silver particles, even though the largest mass of silver was present as flakes. | Notes: | Verleysen, E (corresponding author), Sciensano, EM Unit, Serv Trace Elements & Nanomat, Groeselenbergstr 99, B-1180 Uccle, Belgium. eveline.verleysen@sciensano.be |
Keywords: | E174;silver;particle size distribution;TEM;spICP-MS;food additive | Document URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/1942/32795 | ISSN: | 1944-0049 | e-ISSN: | 1944-0057 | DOI: | 10.1080/19440049.2020.1809719 | ISI #: | WOS:000571289000001 | Rights: | 2020 Informa UK Limited. | Category: | A1 | Type: | Journal Contribution | Validations: | ecoom 2021 |
Appears in Collections: | Research publications |
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Paper_TF_DeVos_FINAL.pdf Restricted Access | Peer-reviewed author version | 1.96 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open Request a copy |
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