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Title: | Delay from treatment start to full effect of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis | Authors: | Roos, Izanne Leray, Emmanuelle Frascoli, Federico Casey, Romain Brown, J. William L. Horakova, Dana Havrdova, Eva K. Trojano, Maria Patti, Francesco Izquierdo, Guillermo Eichau, Sara Onofrj, Marco Lugaresi, Alessandra Prat, Alexandre Girard, Marc Grammond, Pierre Sola, Patrizia Ferraro, Diana Ozakbas, Serkan Bergamaschi, Roberto Sa, Maria Jose Cartechini, Elisabetta Boz, Cavit Granella, Franco Hupperts, Raymond Terzi, Murat Lechner-Scott, Jeannette Spitaleri, Daniele Van Pesch, Vincent Soysal, Aysun Olascoaga, Javier Prevost, Julie Aguera-Morales, Eduardo Slee, Mark Csepany, Tunde Turkoglu, Recai Sidhom, Youssef Gouider, Riadh VAN WIJMEERSCH, Bart McCombe, Pamela Macdonell, Richard Coles, Alasdair Malpas, Charles B. Butzkueven, Helmut Vukusic, Sandra Kalincik, Tomas |
Issue Date: | 2020 | Publisher: | OXFORD UNIV PRESS | Source: | BRAIN, 143 (9) , p. 2742 -2756 | Abstract: | In multiple sclerosis, treatment start or switch is prompted by evidence of disease activity. Whilst immunomodulatory therapies reduce disease activity, the time required to attain maximal effect is unclear. In this study we aimed to develop a method that allows identification of the time to manifest fully and clinically the effect of multiple sclerosis treatments ('therapeutic lag') on clinical disease activity represented by relapses and progression-of-disability events. Data from two multiple sclerosis registries, MSBase (multinational) and OFSEP (French), were used. Patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, minimum 1-year exposure to treatment, minimum 3-year pretreatment follow-up and yearly review were included in the analysis. For analysis of disability progression, all events in the subsequent 5-year period were included. Density curves, representing incidence of relapses and 6-month confirmed progression events, were separately constructed for each sufficiently represented therapy. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to identify the first local minimum of the first derivative after treatment start; this point represented the point of stabilization of treatment effect, after the maximum treatment effect was observed. The method was developed in a discovery cohort (MSBase), and externally validated in a separate, non-overlapping cohort (OFSEP). A merged MSBase-OFSEP cohort was used for all subsequent analyses. Annualized relapse rates were compared in the time before treatment start and after the stabilization of treatment effect following commencement of each therapy. We identified 11 180 eligible treatment epochs for analysis of relapses and 4088 treatment epochs for disability progression. External validation was performed in four therapies, with no significant difference in the bootstrapped mean differences in therapeutic lag duration between registries. The duration of therapeutic lag for relapses was calculated for 10 therapies and ranged between 12 and 30 weeks. The duration of therapeutic lag for disability progression was calculated for seven therapies and ranged between 30 and 70 weeks. Significant differences in the pre- versus post-treatment annualized relapse rate were present for all therapies apart from intramuscular interferon beta-1a. In conclusion we have developed, and externally validated, a method to objectively quantify the duration of therapeutic lag on relapses and disability progression in different therapies in patients more than 3 years from multiple sclerosis onset. Objectively defined periods of expected therapeutic lag allows insights into the evaluation of treatment response in randomized clinical trials and may guide clinical decision-making in patients who experience early on-treatment disease activity. This method will subsequently be applied in studies that evaluate the effect of patient and disease characteristics on therapeutic lag. | Notes: | Kalincik, T (corresponding author), Univ Melbourne, Dept Med, CORe, 300 Grattan St, Melbourne, Vic 3050, Australia. tomas.kalincik@unimelb.edu.au |
Other: | Kalincik, T (corresponding author), Univ Melbourne, Dept Med, CORe, 300 Grattan St, Melbourne, Vic 3050, Australia. tomas.kalincik@unimelb.edu.au | Keywords: | multiple sclerosis;therapeutic lag | Document URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/1942/33494 | ISSN: | 0006-8950 | e-ISSN: | 1460-2156 | DOI: | 10.1093/brain/awaa231 | ISI #: | WOS:000607095300025 | Category: | A1 | Type: | Journal Contribution | Validations: | ecoom 2022 |
Appears in Collections: | Research publications |
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awaa231.pdf | Published version | 885.99 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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