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Title: | Frequency drift in MR spectroscopy at 3T | Authors: | Hui, Steve C.N. Mikkelsen, Mark Zöllner, Helge J. Ahluwalia, Vishwadeep Alcauter, Sarael Baltusis, Laima Barany, Deborah A. Barlow, Laura R. Becker, Robert Berman, Jeffrey I. Berrington, Adam Bhattacharyya, Pallab K. Blicher, Jakob Udby Bogner, Wolfgang Brown, Mark S. Calhoun, Vince D. Castillo, Ryan Cecil, Kim M. Choi, Yeo Bi Chu, Winnie C.W. Clarke, William T. Craven, Alexander R. CUYPERS, Koen Dacko, Michael de la Fuente-Sandoval, Camilo Desmond, Patricia Domagalik, Aleksandra Dumont, Julien Duncan, Niall W. Dydak, Ulrike Dyke, Katherine Edmondson, David A. Ende, Gabriele Ersland, Lars Evans, C. John Fermin, Alan S.R. Ferretti, Antonio Fillmer, Ariane Gong, Tao Greenhouse, Ian Grist, James T. Gu, Meng Harris, Ashley D. Hat, Katarzyna Heba, Stefanie Heckova, Eva Hegarty, John P. Heise, Kirstin-Friederike Honda, Shiori Jacobson, Aaron Jansen, Jacobus F.A. Jenkins, Christopher W. Johnston, Stephen J. Juchem, Christoph Kangarlu, Alayar Kerr, Adam B. Landheer, Karl Lange, Thomas Lee, Phil Levendovszky, Swati Rane Limperopoulos, Catherine LIU, Feng Lloyd, William Lythgoe, David J. Machizawa, Maro G. MacMillan, Erin L. Maddock, Richard J. Manzhurtsev, Andrei V. Martinez-Gudino, María L. Miller, Jack J. Mirzakhanian, Heline Moreno-Ortega, Marta Mullins, Paul G. Nakajima, Shinichiro Near, Jamie Noeske, Ralph Nordhøy, Wibeke Oeltzschner, Georg Osorio-Duran, Raul Otaduy, Maria C.G. Pasaye, Erick H. Peeters, Ronald Peltier, Scott J. Pilatus, Ulrich Polomac, Nenad Porges, Eric C. Pradhan, Subechhya Prisciandaro, James Joseph Puts, Nicolaas A Rae, Caroline D. Reyes-Madrigal, Francisco Roberts, Timothy P.L. Robertson, Caroline E. Rosenberg, Jens T. Rotaru, Diana-Georgiana O'Gorman Tuura, Ruth L Saleh, Muhammad G. Sandberg, Kristian Sangill, Ryan Schembri, Keith Schrantee, Anouk Semenova, Natalia A. Singel, Debra Sitnikov, Rouslan Smith, Jolinda Song, Yulu Stark, Craig Stoffers, Diederick Swinnen, Stephan P. Tain, Rongwen Tanase, Costin Tapper, Sofie Tegenthoff, Martin Thiel, Thomas Thioux, Marc Truong, Peter van Dijk, Pim Vella, Nolan Vidyasagar, Rishma Vovk, Andrej Wang, Guangbin Westlye, Lars T. Wilbur, Timothy K. Willoughby, William R. Wilson, Martin Wittsack, Hans-Jörg Woods, Adam J. Wu, Yen-Chien Xu, Junqian Lopez, Maria Yanez Yeung, David K.W. Zhao, Qun Zhou, Xiaopeng Zupan, Gasper Edden, Richard A.E. |
Issue Date: | 2021 | Publisher: | ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE | Source: | NeuroImage (Online), 241 (Art N° 118430) | Abstract: | Purpose Heating of gradient coils and passive shim components is a common cause of instability in the B0 field, especially when gradient intensive sequences are used. The aim of the study was to set a benchmark for typical drift encountered during MR spectroscopy (MRS) to assess the need for real-time field-frequency locking on MRI scanners by comparing field drift data from a large number of sites. Method A standardized protocol was developed for 80 participating sites using 99 3T MR scanners from 3 major vendors. Phantom water signals were acquired before and after an EPI sequence. The protocol consisted of: minimal preparatory imaging; a short pre-fMRI PRESS; a ten-minute fMRI acquisition; and a long post-fMRI PRESS acquisition. Both pre- and post-fMRI PRESS were non-water suppressed. Real-time frequency stabilization/adjustment was switched off when appropriate. Sixty scanners repeated the protocol for a second dataset. In addition, a three-hour post-fMRI MRS acquisition was performed at one site to observe change of gradient temperature and drift rate. Spectral analysis was performed using MATLAB. Frequency drift in pre-fMRI PRESS data were compared with the first 5:20 minutes and the full 30:00 minutes of data after fMRI. Median (interquartile range) drifts were measured and showed in violin plot. Paired t-tests were performed to compare frequency drift pre- and post-fMRI. A simulated in vivo spectrum was generated using FID-A to visualize the effect of the observed frequency drifts. The simulated spectrum was convolved with the frequency trace for the most extreme cases. Impacts of frequency drifts on NAA and GABA were also simulated as a function of linear drift. Data from the repeated protocol were compared with the corresponding first dataset using Pearson's and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Results Of the data collected from 99 scanners, 4 were excluded due to various reasons. Thus, data from 95 scanners were ultimately analyzed. For the first 5:20 min (64 transients), median (interquartile range) drift was 0.44 (1.29) Hz before fMRI and 0.83 (1.29) Hz after. This increased to 3.15 (4.02) Hz for the full 30 min (360 transients) run. Average drift rates were 0.29 Hz/min before fMRI and 0.43 Hz/min after. Paired t-tests indicated that drift increased after fMRI, as expected (p < 0.05). Simulated spectra convolved with the frequency drift showed that the intensity of the NAA singlet was reduced by up to 26%, 44 % and 18% for GE, Philips and Siemens scanners after fMRI, respectively. ICCs indicated good agreement between datasets acquired on separate days. The single site long acquisition showed drift rate was reduced to 0.03 Hz/min approximately three hours after fMRI. Discussion This study analyzed frequency drift data from 95 3T MRI scanners. Median levels of drift were relatively low (5-min average under 1 Hz), but the most extreme cases suffered from higher levels of drift. The extent of drift varied across scanners which both linear and nonlinear drifts were observed. | Keywords: | Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS);Multi-vendor;Multi-site;3T;Press;Frequency drift | Document URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/1942/34682 | ISSN: | 1053-8119 | e-ISSN: | 1095-9572 | DOI: | 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118430 | ISI #: | 000693362200011 | Rights: | © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) | Category: | A1 | Type: | Journal Contribution | Validations: | ecoom 2022 |
Appears in Collections: | Research publications |
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