PHOTOBIOMODULATION THERAPY CAN PREVENT THE DEVELOPMENT OF SEVERE ACUTE RADIODERMATITIS IN HEAD AND NECK CANCER PATIENTS: A MULTICENTRIC, RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

Abstract

New York, NY; Plastic Surgical Associates, Fort Collins, CO Background: Myosatellite cells may be activated by both heat and mechanical stretch upon which they can differentiate to provide nuclei for existing muscles or to generate new muscle fibres. Current study investigates the effects of simultaneous application of HIFEM contractions and radiofrequency heating on the levels of myosatellite cells, which play a crucial role in muscle growth. Study Design/Materials and Method: Total of five large White swines received three 30-minute treatments administered over abdomen. Muscle bioptates were acquired at baseline, 4 days, 2 weeks, and 1-month post-treatment. Baseline, 4-day and 2-week specimens were cut into 5-10 mm thick slices, and bound by the specific anti-bodies, the homeobox protein 7 (Pax7) levels, a marker of activated and differentiated SC, were quantified using immunofluorescence microscopy technique with a UV lamp. Several slices were stained by hematoxylin and eosin to monitor any structural changes. Results: The analysis showed significant increase in the satellite cell levels by 26.1% at 4 days post-treatment and even by 30.2% at 2 weeks after treatments. Conventional histology images revealed hypertrophic changes demonstrated by increased cross-sectional area of muscle fibres. Slices also showed increased number of small diameter fibres, indicating increased presence of newly formed muscle fibres. No damage to muscle tissue was found as well as no adverse effects related to the treatment. Conclusion: Finding of this study indicates that the simultaneous application of radiofrequency heating and HIFEM contraction results in activation and differentiation of myosatellite cells to support the hypertrophic changes of existing fibres and even to form new muscle fibres. The observed changes were comparable with 12-16-week long exercise programmes. Background: Cryolipolysis is the leading non-surgical fat removal technology for subcutaneous adipose tissue. We have recently developed an injectable ice-slurry, capable of selective subcutaneous adipose tissue removal after a single injection. We hypothesized that ice-slurry injection can also selectively reduce visceral fat and set out to investigate effects of cooling of visceral adipose tissue for treatment of obesity. Study Design/Materials and Method: We used diet-induced obese mice that are a commonly used model for obesity. Epididymal fat pads in animals in the test and sham treatment groups were exposed to cooling or sham treatment. Body weight was monitored, and tissue samples were collected for histology at different time points. Results: There was increase in expression of pro-inflammatory genes including IL-1a, IL-1b, IL-6, IL-10, MCP-1, and GM-CSF in adipose tissue at Day 1 post-cooling treatment. TUNEL staining showed increased number of TUNEL+ cells in treated fat pads at Day 1 post-cooling which is a hallmark of apoptosis. Histological analysis of the biopsy samples showed panniculitis at 14 days post-treatment. Body weight in sham group increased significantly at 14 days post-treatment in comparison with the baseline (46.80 ± 7.05 g vs. 45.20 ± 7.76 g; P = 0.9999 by two-tailed paired Student's t test). Conclusion: In this study, we examined effects of cooling of visceral adipose tissue in a mouse model of obesity. We demonstrated that cooling of visceral fat induces inflammation in adi-pose tissue along with apoptosis in adipocytes that results is fat loss. Visceral fat cooling could potentially serve as a non-surgical treatment for obesity. Background: Fractional photothermolysis is a widely used aesthetic tool with many dermatologic applications. Herein, we developed a mouse model to investigate the metabolic effects of fractional photothermolysis exposure over a large body surface area. The aim of our study is to elucidate the link between the hypermetabolic state induced by large area burns, and the apparent increase in metabolism following a controlled fractional photothermolysis treatment. Study Design/Materials and Method: In our study, 22-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were used. We performed a laser procedure on the back of each mouse, covering approximately 30% of body surface area, sparing the tail, head, and extremities. Mice were then monitored for 5 days, after which they were euthan-ized. Mice were weighed before treatment and after euthanasia. Skin samples were dissected and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histological analysis. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) (a marker of inflammation) and noradrenaline levels were determined in serum and plasma respectively by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Mice experienced a considerable decrease in body weight after the laser procedure, as well as substantial fat loss in the