Hyperacusis: demographic, audiological, and clinical characteristics of patients at the ENT department

Abstract

Purpose To document whether patients with and without hyperacusis differ from each other on demographic, audiological, and clinical characteristics. Methods Based on the Hyperacusis Questionnaire's (HQ) cutoff (HQ > 28), a total of 2301 participants were divided into patients with and without hyperacusis. Demographic data, scores on self-reported questionnaires [Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI), Visual Analogue Scale of tinnitus loudness (VAS loudness), Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS)], and audiologi-cal parameters were retrospectively analysed to determine differential factors between the two groups. Results In total, 10.9% of the patients was classified as hyperacusis patients (n = 251). They reported a significant, higher tinnitus severity (mean difference of 19 points on TFI) and mental distress (mean difference of 4 points on the HADS sub-scales) (p < 0.001) than patients without hyperacusis. Moreover, this group consisted of more women (45% % in hyperacusis group vs. 35% in non-hyperacusis group) and women scored significantly higher on the HQ (p < 0.001) and TFI (p < 0.01). Conclusion Patients with hyperacusis have distinctive characteristics. The presence of hyperacusis in combination with tinnitus can indicate a higher need for psychoeducation. Patients that present themselves with hyperacusis without tinnitus complaints remain a minority, yet might be underdiagnosed. Hence, future studies should disentangle tinnitus from hypera-cusis. In clinical practice, greater efforts are required to increase knowledge about hyperacusis as a primary or secondary complaint and to provide individualized treatment for these patients.