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Title: | Polystyrene Microplastics of Varying Sizes and Shapes Induce Distinct Redox and Mitochondrial Stress Responses in a Caco-2 Monolayer | Authors: | SAENEN, Nelly WITTERS, Margo HANTORO, Inneke TEJEDA, Ines ETHIRAJAN, Anitha VAN BELLEGHEM, Frank SMEETS, Karen |
Issue Date: | 2023 | Publisher: | MDPI | Source: | Antioxidants, 12 (3) (Art N° 739) | Abstract: | Currently, we lack crucial knowledge on how the physicochemical properties of particles affect cellular health, resulting in an important gap in our understanding of the human toxicity of microplastics (MPs). Our aim was to evaluate the impact of the size and the shape of MPs on uptake and the intracellular effects in a human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cell line. Spherical (200 nm and 2 mu m) and fibre-/fragment-shaped (8.9 +/- 10.1 mu m by 1.14 +/- 0.97 mu m) polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) were used to study their uptake and the potential to induce redox and mitochondrial stress responses after 24 h of exposure. We demonstrated the cellular uptake of both spherical and fibre-/fragment-shaped MPs in a size-dependent manner. In response to 2 mu m spheres, we observed differential expressions of redox-related genes, including HMOX1, CAT, and GPX1. All PS-MPs decreased the intracellular H2O2 levels, which can be attributed to mitochondrial stress responses, such as increased mitochondrial DNA content, footprint, and morphology. Altogether, we demonstrated uptakes and changes in redox and mitochondrial parameters for all PS-MPs, with the 200 nm spheres showing the most profound effects. This suggests that the induction of defensive responses in Caco-2 cells mainly correlates with the number of particles taken up. | Notes: | Smeets, K (corresponding author), Hasselt Univ, Ctr Environm Sci, Agoralaan Bldg D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. nelly.saenen@uhasselt.be; margo.witters@uhasselt.be; inneke.hantora@unika.ac.id; ines.tejeda@uhasselt.be; anitha.ethirajan@uhasselt.be; frank.vanbelleghem@uhasselt.be; karen.smeets@uhasselt.be |
Keywords: | microplastics;in vitro;uptake;oxidative stress;mitochondria;spheres;fibres;fragments | Document URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/1942/39978 | ISSN: | 2076-3921 | e-ISSN: | 2076-3921 | DOI: | 10.3390/antiox12030739 | ISI #: | 000956901800001 | Rights: | 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). | Category: | A1 | Type: | Journal Contribution |
Appears in Collections: | Research publications |
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