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Title: | Critical Role of Perovskite Film Stoichiometry in Determining Solar Cell Operational Stability: a Study on the Effects of Volatile A-Cation Additives | Authors: | SONG, Wenya XIN, Zhang LAMMAR, Stijn Qiu, WM KUANG, Yinghuan RUTTENS, Bart D'HAEN, Jan Vaesen, I Conard, T Abdulraheem, Y AERNOUTS, Tom Zhan, YQ POORTMANS, Jef |
Issue Date: | 2022 | Publisher: | AMER CHEMICAL SOC | Source: | ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES, 14 (24) , p. 27922 -27931 | Abstract: | Volatile A-cation halide (AX) additives such as formamidinium chloride and methylammonium chloride have been widely employed for high-efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, it remains unstudied how they influence the perovskite film stoichiometry and the solar cell performance and operational stability. Hereby, our work shows that over annealing of formamidinium chloride-containing perovskite films leads to a Pb-rich surface, resulting in a high initial efficiency, which however decays during maximum power point tracking (MPPT). On the contrary, perovskite films obtained by a shorter annealing time at the same temperature provide good stability during MPPT but a lower initial efficiency. Thus, we deduce that an optimal annealing is vital for both high efficiency and operational stability, which is then confirmed in the case where methylammonium chloride additive is used. With optimized perovskite annealing conditions, we demonstrate efficient and stable p-i-n PSCs that show a best power conversion efficiency of 20.7% and remain 90% of the initial performance after a 200 h MPPT at 60 degrees C under simulated 1 sun illumination with high UV content. Our work presents a comprehensive understanding on how volatile AX impacts perovskite film stoichiometry and its correlation to the device performance and operational stability, providing a new guideline for fabricating high-efficiency and operationally stable PSCs. | Keywords: | perovskite solar cells;operational stability;additive;stoichiometry;maximum power point tracking | Document URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/1942/40393 | ISSN: | 1944-8244 | e-ISSN: | 1944-8252 | DOI: | 10.1021/acsami.2c05241 | ISI #: | 000815791700001 | Category: | A1 | Type: | Journal Contribution | Validations: | ecoom 2023 |
Appears in Collections: | Research publications |
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Template for Electronic Submission to ACS Journals.pdf | Peer-reviewed author version | 1.2 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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