Periodic Center Manifolds for DDEs in the Light of Suns and Stars

Abstract

In this paper, we prove the existence of a periodic smooth finite-dimensional center manifold near a nonhyperbolic cycle in classical delay differential equations by using the Lyapunov-Perron method. The results are based on the rigorous functional analytic perturbation framework for dual semigroups (sun-star calculus). The generality of the dual perturbation framework ensures that the results extend to a much broader class of evolution equations.