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Title: | Examining the environmental risk factors of progressive-onset and relapsing-onset multiple sclerosis: recruitment challenges, potential bias, and statistical strategies | Authors: | Li , Ying Saul, Alice Taylor, Bruce Ponsonby, Anne-Louise Simpson-Yap, Steve Blizzard, Leigh Broadley, Simon Lechner-Scott, Jeannette Karabudak, Rana Patti, Francesco Eichau, Sara Onofrj, Marco Ozakbas, Serkan Horakova, Dana Havrdova, Eva Kubala Grand'Maison, Francois Alroughani, Raed Gerlach, Oliver Amato, Maria Pia Altintas, Ayse Girard, Marc Duquette, Pierre Blanco, Yolanda Ramo-Tello, Cristina Laureys, Guy Kalincik, Tomas Khoury, Samia J. Shaygannejad, Vahid Etemadifar, Masoud Singhal, Bhim Mrabet, Saloua Foschi, Matteo Habek, Mario John, Nevin Hughes, Stella McCombe, Pamela Ampapa, Radek van der Walt, Anneke Butzkueven, Helmut de Gans, Koen McGuigan, Chris Oreja-Guevara, Celia Sa, Maria Jose Petersen, Thor Al-Harbi, Talal Sempere, Angel Perez VAN WIJMEERSCH, Bart Grigoriadis, Nikolaos Prevost, Julie Gray, Orla Castillo-Trivino, Tamara Macdonell, Richard Lugaresi, Alessandra Sajedi, Seyed Aidin MSBase van der Mei, Ingrid |
Issue Date: | 2023 | Publisher: | SPRINGER HEIDELBERG | Source: | JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, 271 (1), p. 472-485 | Abstract: | It is unknown whether the currently known risk factors of multiple sclerosis reflect the etiology of progressive-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) as observational studies rarely included analysis by type of onset. We designed a case-control study to examine associations between environmental factors and POMS and compared effect sizes to relapse-onset MS (ROMS), which will offer insights into the etiology of POMS and potentially contribute to prevention and intervention practice. This study utilizes data from the Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (PPMS) Study and the Australian Multi-center Study of Environment and Immune Function (the AusImmune Study). This report outlines the conduct of the PPMS Study, whether the POMS sample is representative, and the planned analysis methods. The study includes 155 POMS, 204 ROMS, and 558 controls. The distributions of the POMS were largely similar to Australian POMS patients in the MSBase Study, with 54.8% female, 85.8% POMS born before 1970, mean age of onset of 41.44 +/- 8.38 years old, and 67.1% living between 28.9 and 39.4 degrees S. The POMS were representative of the Australian POMS population. There are some differences between POMS and ROMS/controls (mean age at interview: POMS 55 years vs. controls 40 years; sex: POMS 53% female vs. controls 78% female; location of residence: 14.3% of POMS at a latitude <= 28.9 degrees S vs. 32.8% in controls), which will be taken into account in the analysis. We discuss the methodological issues considered in the study design, including prevalence-incidence bias, cohort effects, interview bias and recall bias, and present strategies to account for it. Associations between exposures of interest and POMS/ROMS will be presented in subsequent publications. | Notes: | van der Mei, I (corresponding author), Univ Tasmania, Menzies Inst Med Res, 17 Liverpool St, Hobart, Tas 7000, Australia. ingrid.vandermei@utas.edu.au |
Keywords: | Author Keywords;Progressive-onset multiple sclerosis;Environmental factors;Case-control;Subject recruitment;Bias | Document URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/1942/41596 | ISSN: | 0340-5354 | e-ISSN: | 1432-1459 | DOI: | 10.1007/s00415-023-11980-z | ISI #: | 001136940300049 | Rights: | The Author(s) 2023. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. | Category: | A1 | Type: | Journal Contribution |
Appears in Collections: | Research publications |
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