Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/1942/41705
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dc.contributor.authorEngel, Max-
dc.contributor.authorHess, Katharina-
dc.contributor.authorDawson, Sue-
dc.contributor.authorPatel, Tasnim-
dc.contributor.authorKoutsodendris, Andreas-
dc.contributor.authorVakhrameeva, Polina-
dc.contributor.authorKlemt, Eckehard-
dc.contributor.authorKempf, Philipp-
dc.contributor.authorSCHON, Isa-
dc.contributor.authorHeyvaert, Vanessa M. A.-
dc.date.accessioned2023-11-09T11:57:33Z-
dc.date.available2023-11-09T11:57:33Z-
dc.date.issued2023-
dc.date.submitted2023-11-09T11:53:35Z-
dc.identifier.citationBOREAS,-
dc.identifier.issn0300-9483-
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1942/41705-
dc.description.abstractTsunami deposits around the North Sea basin are needed to assess the long-term hazard of tsunamis. Here, we present sedimentary evidence of the youngest tsunami on the Shetland Islands from Loch Flugarth, a coastal lake on northern Mainland. Three gravity cores show organic-rich background sedimentation with many sub-centimetre-scale sand layers, reflecting recurring storm overwash and a sediment source limited to the active beach and uppermost subtidal zone. A basal 13-cm-thick sand layer, dated to 426-787 cal. a CE based on 14C, 137Cs and Bayesian age-depth modelling, was found in all cores. High-resolution grain-size analysis identified four normally graded or massive sublayers with inversely graded traction carpets at the base of two sublayers. A thin organic-rich 'mud' drape and a 'mud' cap cover the two uppermost sublayers, which also contain small rip-up clasts. Grain-size distributions show a difference between the basal sand layer and the coarser and better sorted storm layers above. Multivariate statistical analysis of X-ray fluorescence core scanning data also distinguishes both sand units: Zr, Fe and Ti dominate the thick basal sand, while the thin storm layers are high in K and Si. Enriched Zr and Ti in the basal sand layer, in combination with increased magnetic susceptibility, may be related to higher heavy mineral content reflecting an additional marine sediment source below the storm-wave base that is activated by a tsunami. Based on reinterpretation of chronological data from two different published sites and the chronostratigraphy of the present study, the tsunami seems to date to c. 1400 cal. a BP. Although the source of the tsunami remains unclear, the lack of evidence for this event outside of the Shetland Islands suggests that it had a local source and was smaller than the older Storegga tsunami (8.15 cal. ka BP), which affected most of the North Sea basin. Sediment cores from coastal lake Loch Flugarth on northen Mainland, Shetland Islands (UK), contain a thick unit of sand with four stacked subsequences. Grain-size distribution, geochemistry and geophysical characteristics indicate deposition by a tsunami. The age-depth model of the core points to tsunami impact c. 1400 cal. BP and correlation with deposits from two other sites on the Shetland Islands.image-
dc.description.sponsorshipThis study was kindly funded by Belgian Science Policy Belspo (BR/175/PI/GEN-EX). For the publication fee we acknowledge financial support by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft within the funding programme “Open Access Publikationskosten” as well as by Heidelberg University. The possibility for Geotek core logging at Renard Center of Marine Geology, Ghent University, and the support by Evelien Boes are acknowledged. The permission to access Loch Flugarth was kindly granted by local landowners. We thank Oliver A. Kern for support with grain-size data presentation. The journal reviewers Louise Hansen and one anonymous person are gratefully acknowledged for their valuable suggestions. Editor-inChief Jan A. Piotrowski is thanked for his corrections and the editorial handling. None of the authors has any competing interests. Publikationskosten-
dc.language.isoen-
dc.publisherWILEY-
dc.rights2023 The Authors. Boreas published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Boreas Collegium. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.-
dc.titleSedimentary evidence of the Late Holocene tsunami in the Shetland Islands (UK) at Loch Flugarth, northern Mainland-
dc.typeJournal Contribution-
local.bibliographicCitation.jcatA1-
dc.description.notesEngel, M (corresponding author), Heidelberg Univ, Inst Geog, Neuenheimer Feld 348, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.; Engel, M (corresponding author), Geol Survey Belgium, Royal Belgian Inst Nat Sci, OD Earth & Hist Life, Jennerstr 10, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.-
dc.description.notesmax.engel@uni-heidelberg.de-
local.publisher.place111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA-
local.type.refereedRefereed-
local.type.specifiedArticle-
local.bibliographicCitation.statusEarly view-
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/bor.12635-
dc.identifier.isi001076455400001-
dc.contributor.orcidKoutsodendris, Andreas/0000-0003-4236-7508-
dc.identifier.eissn1502-3885-
dc.identifier.eissn1502-3885-
local.provider.typewosris-
local.description.affiliation[Engel, Max; Hess, Katharina] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Geog, Neuenheimer Feld 348, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.-
local.description.affiliation[Engel, Max; Kempf, Philipp; Heyvaert, Vanessa M. A.] Geol Survey Belgium, Royal Belgian Inst Nat Sci, OD Earth & Hist Life, Jennerstr 10, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.-
local.description.affiliation[Dawson, Sue] Univ Dundee, Dept Geog, Tower Bldg, Dundee DD1, Scotland.-
local.description.affiliation[Patel, Tasnim; Schoen, Isa] Royal Belgian Inst Nat Sci, Operat Directorate Nat Environm Aquat & Terr Ecol, Vautierstr 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.-
local.description.affiliation[Koutsodendris, Andreas; Vakhrameeva, Polina] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Earth Sci, Neuenheimer Feld 234, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.-
local.description.affiliation[Klemt, Eckehard] Ravensburg Weingarten Univ RWU, Doggenriedstr, D-88250 Weingarten, Germany.-
local.description.affiliation[Kempf, Philipp] Univ Hasselt, Res Grp Zool, Agoralaan Bldg D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.-
local.description.affiliation[Heyvaert, Vanessa M. A.] Univ Ghent, Dept Geol, Krijgslaan 281, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.-
local.dataset.doihttps://doi.org/10.11588/data/QJEZHT-
local.uhasselt.internationalyes-
item.fullcitationEngel, Max; Hess, Katharina; Dawson, Sue; Patel, Tasnim; Koutsodendris, Andreas; Vakhrameeva, Polina; Klemt, Eckehard; Kempf, Philipp; SCHON, Isa & Heyvaert, Vanessa M. A. (2023) Sedimentary evidence of the Late Holocene tsunami in the Shetland Islands (UK) at Loch Flugarth, northern Mainland. In: BOREAS,.-
item.fulltextWith Fulltext-
item.accessRightsOpen Access-
item.contributorEngel, Max-
item.contributorHess, Katharina-
item.contributorDawson, Sue-
item.contributorPatel, Tasnim-
item.contributorKoutsodendris, Andreas-
item.contributorVakhrameeva, Polina-
item.contributorKlemt, Eckehard-
item.contributorKempf, Philipp-
item.contributorSCHON, Isa-
item.contributorHeyvaert, Vanessa M. A.-
crisitem.journal.issn0300-9483-
crisitem.journal.eissn1502-3885-
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