Does air pollution affect the airways of early-career elite athletes?

Abstract

| 271 ABSTR ACT determinants, clavulanic, amoxicillin) (Diater, Spain©), ampicillin, sulbactam, culprit drugs, and alternative cephalosporins were used following the recommended EAACI ST concentrations. Positive STs and true HSR rates were investigated. Results: Of the 147 patients, 78.9 % (n = 116) were female. The median age was 42.6 (18-71). While grade 1-2 HSR were 74.8 % (n = 107) observed, 25.2 % (n = 36) were grade 3-4. Almost 80 % (n = 114) of patients had multiple HSR signs. The most common reaction signs were respectively urticaria-angioedema 34.1% (n = 115), pruritus-redness 31.80% (n = 107), and dyspnea 13.10% (n = 44). Amoxicillin-clavulanate (36.1%, n = 53) was the most frequently reported culprit. In 64.3% (n = 90) of the patients, the HSR developed within the first hour after the last dose of the culprit drug. 37.9% (n = 55) of patients consulted a doctor more than 3 years after their reactions. When only the penicillin DAP kit test is used, the positiv-ity rate is 11.6% (n = 15), while 15.8% (n = 12) positivity was detected with the only amoxicillin DAP kit. The general positivity rate for all STs was 26.5% (n = 39). Skin test positivity rates were significantly higher in patients with multiple HSR signs (p = 0.001), those having an HSR within the last 6 months (p = 0.02), and those with severe anaphylaxis (p = 0.006). Drug provocation tests (DPTs) were negative in cases both with negative STs and with grade 1/2 HSRs. Conclusion: Significant positivity in STs emphasizes the importance of the HSR time interval between index reaction and the allergic work-up (especially observed within the first 6 months), the severity of reactions (increases in grades 3-4), and having multiple HSR signs. In addition, performing all skin tests together increases the positivity rate. The negative results of the drug STs and the completion of the DPTs without an HSR paved the way for patients to use penicillin freely. Conflicts of interest: The authors did not specify any links of interest. FROM CLIMATE CHANGE TO SENSITISATION PATTERNS 000251 | Does air pollution affect the airways of early-career elite athletes?