Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/1942/44602
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dc.contributor.authorHoltz, Andrew-
dc.contributor.authorVan Weyenbergh, Johan-
dc.contributor.authorHong, Samuel L.-
dc.contributor.authorCuypers, Lize-
dc.contributor.authorO'Toole, Aine-
dc.contributor.authorDudas, Gytis-
dc.contributor.authorGerdol, Marco-
dc.contributor.authorPotter, Barney I.-
dc.contributor.authorNtoumi, Francine-
dc.contributor.authorMapanguy, Claujens Chastel Mfoutou-
dc.contributor.authorVanmechelen, Bert-
dc.contributor.authorWawina-Bokalanga, Tony-
dc.contributor.authorVan Holm, Bram-
dc.contributor.authorMenezes, Soraya Maria-
dc.contributor.authorSoubotko, Katja-
dc.contributor.authorVan Pottelbergh, Gijs-
dc.contributor.authorWollants, Elke-
dc.contributor.authorVermeersch, Pieter-
dc.contributor.authorJacob, Ann-Sophie-
dc.contributor.authorMAES, Brigitte-
dc.contributor.authorObbels, Dagmar-
dc.contributor.authorMatheeussen, Veerle-
dc.contributor.authorMartens, Geert-
dc.contributor.authorGras, Jeremie-
dc.contributor.authorVerhasselt, Bruno-
dc.contributor.authorLaffut, Wim-
dc.contributor.authorVael, Carl-
dc.contributor.authorGoegebuer, Truus-
dc.contributor.authorvan der Kant, Rob-
dc.contributor.authorRousseau, Frederic-
dc.contributor.authorSchymkowitz, Joost-
dc.contributor.authorSerrano, Luis-
dc.contributor.authorDelgado, Javier-
dc.contributor.authorWenseleers, Tom-
dc.contributor.authorBours, Vincent-
dc.contributor.authorAndre, Emmanuel-
dc.contributor.authorSuchard, Marc A.-
dc.contributor.authorRambaut, Andrew-
dc.contributor.authorDellicour, Simon-
dc.contributor.authorMaes, Piet-
dc.contributor.authorDurkin, Keith-
dc.contributor.authorBaele, Guy-
dc.date.accessioned2024-11-06T07:36:44Z-
dc.date.available2024-11-06T07:36:44Z-
dc.date.issued2024-
dc.date.submitted2024-11-05T14:18:02Z-
dc.identifier.citationBMC Infectious Diseases, 24 (1) (Art N° 1139)-
dc.identifier.issn-
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1942/44602-
dc.description.abstractWe investigate the emergence, mutation profile, and dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.214.2, first identified in Belgium in January 2021. This variant, featuring a 3-amino acid insertion in the spike protein similar to the Omicron variant, was speculated to enhance transmissibility or immune evasion. Initially detected in international travelers, it substantially transmitted in Central Africa, Belgium, Switzerland, and France, peaking in April 2021. Our travel-aware phylogeographic analysis, incorporating travel history, estimated the origin to the Republic of the Congo, with primary European entry through France and Belgium, and multiple smaller introductions during the epidemic. We correlate its spread with human travel patterns and air passenger data. Further, upon reviewing national reports of SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in Belgian nursing homes, we found this strain caused moderately severe outcomes (8.7% case fatality ratio). A distinct nasopharyngeal immune response was observed in elderly patients, characterized by 80% unique signatures, higher B- and T-cell activation, increased type I IFN signaling, and reduced NK, Th17, and complement system activation, compared to similar outbreaks. This unique immune response may explain the variant's epidemiological behavior and underscores the need for nasal vaccine strategies against emerging variants.-
dc.description.sponsorshipGD is supported by the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) Installation Grant (IG) EMBO-IG-5305–2023. AH acknowledges École doctorale Frontières de l’Innovation en Recherche et Education-Programme Bettencourt. A.H is funded by the INCEPTION programme (Investissements d’Avenir grant ANR-16-CONV-0005). MAS is supported in part through US National Institutes of Health grants U01 AI135995, R01 AI153044 and R01 AI162611.SD acknowl‑ edges support from the Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifque (F.R.S.-FNRS, Belgium; grant n°F.4515.22) and from the European Union Horizon 2020 project MOOD (grant agreement n°874850). SD and GB acknowledge support from the Research Foundation—Flanders(Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekVlaanderen, FWO, Belgium; grant n°G098321N). JVW acknowledges support from the Research Foundation—Flanders(Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek-Vlaanderen, FWO, Belgium; grant n° G0A0621N and G065421N). GB acknowledges support from the Research Foundation—Flanders(Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek-Vlaanderen, FWO, Belgium; grant n°G0E1420N), from the Internal Funds KU Leuven (Grant No. C14/18/094), and from the DURABLE EU4Health project 02/2023–01/2027, which is co-funded by the European Union (call EU4H-2021-PJ4) under Grant Agreement No. 101102733. UZ Leuven, as national reference centre for respiratory pathogens, is supported by Sciensano, which is gratefully acknowledged.-
dc.language.isoen-
dc.publisherBMC-
dc.rightsThe Author(s) 2024. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.-
dc.subject.otherSARS-CoV-2-
dc.subject.otherGenomic epidemiology-
dc.subject.otherPhylogeography-
dc.subject.otherPhylodynamics-
dc.subject.otherDisease spread-
dc.subject.otherCOVID-19-
dc.titleEmergence of the B.1.214.2 SARS-CoV-2 lineage with an Omicron-like spike insertion and a unique upper airway immune signature-
dc.typeJournal Contribution-
dc.identifier.issue1-
dc.identifier.volume24-
local.format.pages18-
local.bibliographicCitation.jcatA1-
dc.description.notesHoltz, A (corresponding author), Univ Paris Cite, Inst Pasteur, Lyssavirus Epidemiol & Neuropathol Unit, Paris, France.; Van Weyenbergh, J (corresponding author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Rega Inst, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Transplantat, Leuven, Belgium.-
dc.description.notesandrew.holtz@pasteur.fr; johan.vanweyenbergh@kuleuven.be-
local.publisher.placeCAMPUS, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND-
local.type.refereedRefereed-
local.type.specifiedArticle-
local.bibliographicCitation.artnr1139-
local.type.programmeH2020-
local.relation.h2020874850-
dc.identifier.doi10.1186/s12879-024-09967-w-
dc.identifier.pmid39390446-
dc.identifier.isi001336898200006-
dc.contributor.orcidBaele, Guy/0000-0002-1915-7732; Matheeussen, Veerle/0000-0003-2137-2068;-
dc.contributor.orcidVermeersch, Pieter/0000-0001-7076-061X; Van Pottelbergh,-
dc.contributor.orcidgijs/0000-0002-4189-3517; Vanmechelen, Bert/0000-0002-8350-4356-
local.provider.typewosris-
local.description.affiliation[Holtz, Andrew] Univ Paris Cite, Inst Pasteur, Lyssavirus Epidemiol & Neuropathol Unit, Paris, France.-
local.description.affiliation[Van Weyenbergh, Johan; Hong, Samuel L.; Cuypers, Lize; Potter, Barney I.; Vanmechelen, Bert; Wawina-Bokalanga, Tony; Van Holm, Bram; Menezes, Soraya Maria; Wollants, Elke; Verhasselt, Bruno; Laffut, Wim; Andre, Emmanuel; Dellicour, Simon; Maes, Piet; Baele, Guy] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Rega Inst, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Transplantat, Leuven, Belgium.-
local.description.affiliation[Cuypers, Lize; Vermeersch, Pieter; Jacob, Ann-Sophie] Univ Hosp Leuven, Natl Reference Ctr Resp Pathogens, Dept Lab Med, Leuven, Belgium.-
local.description.affiliation[O'Toole, Aine; Rambaut, Andrew] Univ Edinburgh, Inst Ecol & Evolut, Edinburgh, Scotland.-
local.description.affiliation[Dudas, Gytis] Vilnius Univ, Inst Biotechnol, Life Sci Ctr, Vilnius, Lithuania.-
local.description.affiliation[Gerdol, Marco] Univ Trieste, Dept Life Sci, Trieste, Italy.-
local.description.affiliation[Ntoumi, Francine; Mapanguy, Claujens Chastel Mfoutou] Fdn Congolaise Rech Med, Brazzaville, Rep Congo.-
local.description.affiliation[Ntoumi, Francine] Univ Tubingen, Inst Trop Med, Tubingen, Germany.-
local.description.affiliation[Mapanguy, Claujens Chastel Mfoutou] Univ Marien NGouabi, Fac Sci & Tech, Brazzaville, Rep Congo.-
local.description.affiliation[Soubotko, Katja] Gen Practice Heiberg, Leuven, Belgium.-
local.description.affiliation[Van Pottelbergh, Gijs] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Leuven, Belgium.-
local.description.affiliation[Maes, Brigitte] Jessa Hosp, Lab Mol Diagnost, Hasselt, Belgium.-
local.description.affiliation[Maes, Brigitte] Hasselt Univ, Hasselt, Belgium.-
local.description.affiliation[Maes, Brigitte] Limburg Clin Res Ctr, Hasselt, Belgium.-
local.description.affiliation[Obbels, Dagmar] Univ Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.-
local.description.affiliation[Matheeussen, Veerle] Antwerp Univ Hosp UZA, Dept Lab Med, Edegem, Belgium.-
local.description.affiliation[Matheeussen, Veerle] Univ Antwerp, Lab Med Biochem, Antwerp, Belgium.-
local.description.affiliation[Matheeussen, Veerle] Univ Antwerp, Lab Med Microbiol, Antwerp, Belgium.-
local.description.affiliation[Martens, Geert] AZ Delta Gen Hosp, Dept Lab Med, Roeselare, Belgium.-
local.description.affiliation[Gras, Jeremie] Inst Pathol & Genet, Gosselies, Belgium.-
local.description.affiliation[Vael, Carl] KLINA Gen Hosp, Dept Lab Med, Brasschaat, AZ, Belgium.-
local.description.affiliation[Goegebuer, Truus] AZ Sint Maarten, Mechelen, Belgium.-
local.description.affiliation[van der Kant, Rob; Rousseau, Frederic; Schymkowitz, Joost] Katholieke Univ Leuven, VIB Ctr Brain & Dis Res, Switch Lab, Leuven, Belgium.-
local.description.affiliation[van der Kant, Rob; Rousseau, Frederic; Schymkowitz, Joost] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Cellular & Mol Med, Leuven, Belgium.-
local.description.affiliation[van der Kant, Rob; Rousseau, Frederic; Schymkowitz, Joost] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Mol Med, Leuven, Belgium.-
local.description.affiliation[Serrano, Luis; Delgado, Javier] Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol, Ctr Genom Regulat, Barcelona 08003, Spain.-
local.description.affiliation[Serrano, Luis] Univ Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08002, Spain.-
local.description.affiliation[Serrano, Luis] Inst Catalana Recerca I Estudis Avancats, Barcelona 08010, Spain.-
local.description.affiliation[Wenseleers, Tom] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Biol, Leuven, Belgium.-
local.description.affiliation[Bours, Vincent] CHU Liege, Dept Med Genet, Liege, Belgium.-
local.description.affiliation[Suchard, Marc A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Fielding Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Los Angeles, CA USA.-
local.description.affiliation[Dellicour, Simon] Univ libre Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.-
local.description.affiliation[Durkin, Keith] GIGA Res Inst, Lab Human Genet, Liege, Belgium.-
local.uhasselt.internationalyes-
item.fulltextWith Fulltext-
item.contributorHoltz, Andrew-
item.contributorVan Weyenbergh, Johan-
item.contributorHong, Samuel L.-
item.contributorCuypers, Lize-
item.contributorO'Toole, Aine-
item.contributorDudas, Gytis-
item.contributorGerdol, Marco-
item.contributorPotter, Barney I.-
item.contributorNtoumi, Francine-
item.contributorMapanguy, Claujens Chastel Mfoutou-
item.contributorVanmechelen, Bert-
item.contributorWawina-Bokalanga, Tony-
item.contributorVan Holm, Bram-
item.contributorMenezes, Soraya Maria-
item.contributorSoubotko, Katja-
item.contributorVan Pottelbergh, Gijs-
item.contributorWollants, Elke-
item.contributorVermeersch, Pieter-
item.contributorJacob, Ann-Sophie-
item.contributorMAES, Brigitte-
item.contributorObbels, Dagmar-
item.contributorMatheeussen, Veerle-
item.contributorMartens, Geert-
item.contributorGras, Jeremie-
item.contributorVerhasselt, Bruno-
item.contributorLaffut, Wim-
item.contributorVael, Carl-
item.contributorGoegebuer, Truus-
item.contributorvan der Kant, Rob-
item.contributorRousseau, Frederic-
item.contributorSchymkowitz, Joost-
item.contributorSerrano, Luis-
item.contributorDelgado, Javier-
item.contributorWenseleers, Tom-
item.contributorBours, Vincent-
item.contributorAndre, Emmanuel-
item.contributorSuchard, Marc A.-
item.contributorRambaut, Andrew-
item.contributorDellicour, Simon-
item.contributorMaes, Piet-
item.contributorDurkin, Keith-
item.contributorBaele, Guy-
item.fullcitationHoltz, Andrew; Van Weyenbergh, Johan; Hong, Samuel L.; Cuypers, Lize; O'Toole, Aine; Dudas, Gytis; Gerdol, Marco; Potter, Barney I.; Ntoumi, Francine; Mapanguy, Claujens Chastel Mfoutou; Vanmechelen, Bert; Wawina-Bokalanga, Tony; Van Holm, Bram; Menezes, Soraya Maria; Soubotko, Katja; Van Pottelbergh, Gijs; Wollants, Elke; Vermeersch, Pieter; Jacob, Ann-Sophie; MAES, Brigitte; Obbels, Dagmar; Matheeussen, Veerle; Martens, Geert; Gras, Jeremie; Verhasselt, Bruno; Laffut, Wim; Vael, Carl; Goegebuer, Truus; van der Kant, Rob; Rousseau, Frederic; Schymkowitz, Joost; Serrano, Luis; Delgado, Javier; Wenseleers, Tom; Bours, Vincent; Andre, Emmanuel; Suchard, Marc A.; Rambaut, Andrew; Dellicour, Simon; Maes, Piet; Durkin, Keith & Baele, Guy (2024) Emergence of the B.1.214.2 SARS-CoV-2 lineage with an Omicron-like spike insertion and a unique upper airway immune signature. In: BMC Infectious Diseases, 24 (1) (Art N° 1139).-
item.accessRightsOpen Access-
crisitem.journal.eissn1471-2334-
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