A design student's final cut: experimenting with montage technique to generate a rich problem statement and enriched programs in architectural education

Abstract

Integrating user experiences into the early stages of architectural design remains a challenge for students, often due to the absence of structured methodologies. To address this gap, this study explores how design techniques can be developed and refined through design education. Specifically, we investigate the application of montage-a cinematic technique characterized by juxtaposition, superposition, and assemblage-to architectural design processes. Through a research-by-design seminar conducted with master's students in (interior) architecture, set in a diverse residential neighborhood, we adapted montage to suit the complexities of architectural problem statements and program development phases. The tailored approach emphasized (1) understanding synergies and frictions at both micro (personal) and macro (community) levels, (2) linking user narratives to spatial characteristics, and (3) employing advanced drawing techniques as tools for design development and communication. Findings were validated through expert discussions in a soundboard meeting, highlighting the potential of montage to enrich architectural education by structuring and amplifying the role of user experience. Additionally, we identify challenges, such as time investment and drawing proficiency, that must be addressed to further support architects in designing for user wellbeing. This study contributes to advancing pedagogical strategies that prepare future architects to integrate empathy and narrative depth into their design processes.