Power Dynamics in Managing Public Open Spaces in Planned Settlements: Community Call for Reframing Management Roles in Kinondoni Municipality Dar es Salaam City

Abstract

On the global agenda, public open spaces have been acknowledged to support making cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable. The major challenge is how individual countries articulate actions despite the limited resources and global population increase. in Tanzania, particularly in Kinondoni Municipality, 96% of these spaces have been encroached upon, posing serious management challenges. This study investigates power relations between different actors, ownership, and the flow of communications. through qualitative methods, including document reviews, interviews, observations, and storytelling. Findings reveal a top-down management approach by authorities, lacking community involvement and transparency in decision-making. Weak enforcement of regulations has exacerbated encroachment issues. The study proposes the urgent need for stronger enforcement of rules and regulations, increased community engagement, and the integration of digital technologies to monitor and protect these essential urban areas to ensure their sustainable use for future generations.