Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/1942/47534
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dc.contributor.authorBollen , Nena-
dc.contributor.authorHong, Samuel L.-
dc.contributor.authorPotter, Barney, I-
dc.contributor.authorLienhard, Reto-
dc.contributor.authorTritten, Marie-Lise-
dc.contributor.authorSierro, Nicolas-
dc.contributor.authorGuedj, Emmanuel-
dc.contributor.authorDulize, Remi-
dc.contributor.authorBornand, David-
dc.contributor.authorAuberson, Mehdi-
dc.contributor.authorBerthouzoz, Maxime-
dc.contributor.authorDuvoisin, Pauline-
dc.contributor.authorIvanov, Nikolai, V-
dc.contributor.authorPeitsch, Manuel C.-
dc.contributor.authorHill, Verity-
dc.contributor.authorMatheeussen, Veerle-
dc.contributor.authorBontems, Sebastien-
dc.contributor.authorVerhasselt, Bruno-
dc.contributor.authorDegosserie, Jonathan-
dc.contributor.authorWAUMANS, Luc-
dc.contributor.authorBayon-Vicente, Guillaume-
dc.contributor.authorReynders , Marijke-
dc.contributor.authorCattoir, Lien-
dc.contributor.authorCoste, Valentin-
dc.contributor.authorValgaeren, Hanne-
dc.contributor.authorVan Weyenbergh, Johan-
dc.contributor.authorCuypers, Lize-
dc.contributor.authorAndre, Emmanuel-
dc.contributor.authorDurkin, Keith-
dc.contributor.authorMaes, Piet-
dc.contributor.authorKhan , Kamran-
dc.contributor.authorHuber, Carmen-
dc.contributor.authorSuchard, Marc A.-
dc.contributor.authorMaidadi Foudi, Martin-
dc.contributor.authorGodwe, Celestin-
dc.contributor.authorMoumbeket Yifomnjou, Moise Henri-
dc.contributor.authorLandry, Messanga-
dc.contributor.authorNjouom, Richard-
dc.contributor.authorMbala Kingebeni, Placide-
dc.contributor.authorOluniyi, Paul-
dc.contributor.authorOlawoye, Idowu B.-
dc.contributor.authorHappi, Christian-
dc.contributor.authorAyouba, Ahidjo-
dc.contributor.authorPeeters , Martine-
dc.contributor.authorBehillil, Sylvie-
dc.contributor.authorSimon-Loriere, Etienne-
dc.contributor.authorHolzer, Martin-
dc.contributor.authorDellicour, Simon-
dc.contributor.authorDudas, Gytis-
dc.contributor.authorBaele, Guy-
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-15T07:36:33Z-
dc.date.available2025-10-15T07:36:33Z-
dc.date.issued2025-
dc.date.submitted2025-10-13T13:30:06Z-
dc.identifier.citationVirus evolution, 11 (1) (Art N° veaf017)-
dc.identifier.issn-
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1942/47534-
dc.description.abstractSince late 2020, the emergence of variants of concern (VOCs) of SARS-CoV-2 has been of concern to public health, researchers and policymakers. Mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome-for which clear evidence is available indicating a significant impact on transmissibility, severity and/or immunity-illustrate the importance of genomic surveillance and monitoring the evolution and geographic spread of novel lineages. Lineage B.1.619 was first detected in Switzerland in January 2021, in international travellers returning from Cameroon. This lineage was subsequently also detected in Rwanda, Belgium, Cameroon, France, and many other countries and is characterised by spike protein amino acid mutations N440K and E484K in the receptor binding domain, which are associated with immune escape and higher infectiousness. In this study, we perform a phylogeographic analysis to track the geographic origin and subsequent dispersal of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.619. We employ a recently developed travel history-aware phylogeographic model, enabling us to incorporate genomic sequences with associated travel information. We estimate that B.1.619 most likely originated in Cameroon, in November 2020. We estimate the influence of the number of air-traffic passengers on the dispersal of B.1.619 but find no significant effect, illustrative of the complex dispersal patterns of SARS-CoV-2 lineages. Finally, we examine the metadata associated with infected Belgian patients and report a wide range of symptoms and medical interventions.-
dc.description.sponsorshipSLH acknowledges support from the Research Foundation— Flanders (‘Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek—Vlaanderen’, G0D5117N). GB, SD and SLH acknowledge support from the Research Foundation—Flanders (‘Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek—Vlaanderen’, G0E1420N). GB and BP acknowledge support from the Internal Funds KU Leuven (Grant No. C14/18/094). GB, SD and NB acknowledge support from the Research Foundation—Flanders (‘Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek—Vlaanderen’, G098321N). SD also acknowledges support from the ‘Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique’ (F.R.S.-FNRS, Belgium; grant n◦F.4515.22) and from the European Union Horizon 2020 project MOOD (grant agreement n◦874850). This work was supported by Agence Française de Développement through the AFROSCREEN project (grant agreement CZZ3209), coordinated by ANRS | Maladies infectieuses émergentes in partnership with Institut Pasteur and IRD. We would additionally like to thank members from the AFROSCREEN Consortium (https://www.afroscreen.org/en/network/) for their work and support on genomic surveillance in Africa.-
dc.language.isoen-
dc.publisherOXFORD UNIV PRESS-
dc.rightsThe Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.-
dc.subject.otherSARS-CoV-2-
dc.subject.otherCOVID-19-
dc.subject.otherB.1.619-
dc.subject.otherphylogenetics-
dc.subject.otherphylogeography-
dc.subject.otherGLMair traffic-
dc.subject.otherBayesian inference-
dc.subject.otherMarkov chain Monte Carlo-
dc.titleTracking down the origin and subsequent spread of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.619-
dc.typeJournal Contribution-
dc.identifier.issue1-
dc.identifier.volume11-
local.format.pages14-
local.bibliographicCitation.jcatA1-
dc.description.notesBollen, N (corresponding author), Herestr 49,Box 1030B, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.-
dc.description.notesnena.bollen@kuleuven.be-
local.publisher.placeGREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND-
local.type.refereedRefereed-
local.type.specifiedArticle-
local.bibliographicCitation.artnrveaf017-
dc.identifier.doi10.1093/ve/veaf017-
dc.identifier.pmid41031290-
dc.identifier.isi001582837600001-
dc.contributor.orcidDudas, Gytis/0000-0002-0227-4158-
local.provider.typewosris-
local.description.affiliation[Bollen, Nena; Hong, Samuel L.; Potter, Barney, I; Van Weyenbergh, Johan] Univ Leuven, KU Leuven, Rega Inst, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Transplantat, Leuven, Belgium.-
local.description.affiliation[Lienhard, Reto; Tritten, Marie-Lise] ADMED Microbiol, Boucle Cydalise 16, CH-2300 La Chaux De Fonds, Switzerland.-
local.description.affiliation[Sierro, Nicolas; Guedj, Emmanuel; Dulize, Remi; Bornand, David; Auberson, Mehdi; Berthouzoz, Maxime; Duvoisin, Pauline; Ivanov, Nikolai, V; Peitsch, Manuel C.] Philip Morris Prod SA, PMI R&D, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland.-
local.description.affiliation[Hill, Verity] Univ Edinburgh, Inst Evolutionary Biol, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.-
local.description.affiliation[Matheeussen, Veerle] Univ Antwerp, Vaccine & Infect Dis Inst VAXINFECTIO, Lab Med Microbiol, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.-
local.description.affiliation[Bontems, Sebastien] Univ Liege, Dept Clin Microbiol, B-4000 Liege, Belgium.-
local.description.affiliation[Verhasselt, Bruno] Ghent Univ Hosp, Dept Diagnost Sci, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.-
local.description.affiliation[Degosserie, Jonathan] Univ Catholique Louvain UCLouvain, CHU UCL Namur, Dept Neurol, Yvoir, Belgium.-
local.description.affiliation[Waumans, Luc] Jessa Hosp, Clin Lab, Hasselt, Belgium.-
local.description.affiliation[Bayon-Vicente, Guillaume] Univ Mons, Res Inst Biosci, Lab Prote & Microbiol, Mons, Belgium.-
local.description.affiliation[Reynders, Marijke] AZ Sint Jan Brugge Oostende, Lab Med, Ctr Reprod Med, Brugge, Belgium.-
local.description.affiliation[Cattoir, Lien] OLV Hosp Aalst, Dept Lab Med, B-9300 Aalst, Belgium.-
local.description.affiliation[Coste, Valentin] UCLouvain, Univ Catholique Louvain, Louvain Drug Res Inst, Metab & Nutr Res Grp, Brussels, Belgium.-
local.description.affiliation[Valgaeren, Hanne] Imelda Hosp, Lab Clin Biol, B-2820 Bonheiden, Belgium.-
local.description.affiliation[Cuypers, Lize; Andre, Emmanuel] Univ Hosp Leuven, Dept Lab Med, Leuven, Belgium.-
local.description.affiliation[Durkin, Keith] Rega Inst, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Transplantat, Lab Clin & Epidemiol Virol, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.-
local.description.affiliation[Khan, Kamran] Univ Liege, GIGA Res Ctr, CHU Liege, Dept Pneumol Allergol,Grp 1, B-4000 Liege, Belgium.-
local.description.affiliation[Khan, Kamran; Huber, Carmen] BlueDot, Toronto, ON M5J 1A7, Canada.-
local.description.affiliation[Khan, Kamran] St Michaels Hosp, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Inst, Toronto, ON M5B 1A6, Canada.-
local.description.affiliation[Khan, Kamran] Univ Toronto, Dept Med Biophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada.-
local.description.affiliation[Suchard, Marc A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Biomath, Los Angeles, CA USA.-
local.description.affiliation[Suchard, Marc A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Fielding Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Los Angeles, CA USA.-
local.description.affiliation[Suchard, Marc A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA.-
local.description.affiliation[Maidadi Foudi, Martin] Inst Rech Med & Etud Plantes Med, IMPM, Ctr Rech Malad Emergentes & Reemergentes, CREMER, Yaounde, Cameroon.-
local.description.affiliation[Moumbeket Yifomnjou, Moise Henri; Landry, Messanga; Njouom, Richard] Ctr Pasteur Cameroun, Virol Dept, Yaounde, Cameroon.-
local.description.affiliation[Mbala Kingebeni, Placide] Minist Hlth Democrat Republ Congo DRC, Programme Natl Urgences et Act Humanitaires PNUAH, Kinshasa, DEM REP CONGO.-
local.description.affiliation[Mbala Kingebeni, Placide] Hop Gen Reference Kole, Kole, DEM REP CONGO.-
local.description.affiliation[Oluniyi, Paul; Olawoye, Idowu B.; Happi, Christian] Redeemers Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ede 232101, Osun, Nigeria.-
local.description.affiliation[Oluniyi, Paul; Olawoye, Idowu B.; Happi, Christian] African Ctr Excellence Genom Infect Dis, Ede 232101, Osun, Nigeria.-
local.description.affiliation[Ayouba, Ahidjo; Peeters, Martine] Univ Montpellier, IRD, TransVIHMI UMI233, INSERM U1175, 911 Ave Agropolis, F-34394 Montpellier, France.-
local.description.affiliation[Behillil, Sylvie; Simon-Loriere, Etienne] Inst Pasteur, Evolutionary Genom RNA Viruses Grp, Paris, France.-
local.description.affiliation[Holzer, Martin] Robert Koch Inst, Methodol & Res Infrastructure, Bioinformat & Syst Biol MF1, Berlin, Germany.-
local.description.affiliation[Dellicour, Simon] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Spatial Epidemiol Lab SpELL, Brussels, Belgium.-
local.description.affiliation[Dudas, Gytis] Vilnius Univ, Inst Biotechnol, Life Sci Ctr, Vilnius, Lithuania.-
local.uhasselt.internationalyes-
item.fullcitationBollen , Nena; Hong, Samuel L.; Potter, Barney, I; Lienhard, Reto; Tritten, Marie-Lise; Sierro, Nicolas; Guedj, Emmanuel; Dulize, Remi; Bornand, David; Auberson, Mehdi; Berthouzoz, Maxime; Duvoisin, Pauline; Ivanov, Nikolai, V; Peitsch, Manuel C.; Hill, Verity; Matheeussen, Veerle; Bontems, Sebastien; Verhasselt, Bruno; Degosserie, Jonathan; WAUMANS, Luc; Bayon-Vicente, Guillaume; Reynders , Marijke; Cattoir, Lien; Coste, Valentin; Valgaeren, Hanne; Van Weyenbergh, Johan; Cuypers, Lize; Andre, Emmanuel; Durkin, Keith; Maes, Piet; Khan , Kamran; Huber, Carmen; Suchard, Marc A.; Maidadi Foudi, Martin; Godwe, Celestin; Moumbeket Yifomnjou, Moise Henri; Landry, Messanga; Njouom, Richard; Mbala Kingebeni, Placide; Oluniyi, Paul; Olawoye, Idowu B.; Happi, Christian; Ayouba, Ahidjo; Peeters , Martine; Behillil, Sylvie; Simon-Loriere, Etienne; Holzer, Martin; Dellicour, Simon; Dudas, Gytis & Baele, Guy (2025) Tracking down the origin and subsequent spread of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.619. In: Virus evolution, 11 (1) (Art N° veaf017).-
item.accessRightsOpen Access-
item.contributorBollen , Nena-
item.contributorHong, Samuel L.-
item.contributorPotter, Barney, I-
item.contributorLienhard, Reto-
item.contributorTritten, Marie-Lise-
item.contributorSierro, Nicolas-
item.contributorGuedj, Emmanuel-
item.contributorDulize, Remi-
item.contributorBornand, David-
item.contributorAuberson, Mehdi-
item.contributorBerthouzoz, Maxime-
item.contributorDuvoisin, Pauline-
item.contributorIvanov, Nikolai, V-
item.contributorPeitsch, Manuel C.-
item.contributorHill, Verity-
item.contributorMatheeussen, Veerle-
item.contributorBontems, Sebastien-
item.contributorVerhasselt, Bruno-
item.contributorDegosserie, Jonathan-
item.contributorWAUMANS, Luc-
item.contributorBayon-Vicente, Guillaume-
item.contributorReynders , Marijke-
item.contributorCattoir, Lien-
item.contributorCoste, Valentin-
item.contributorValgaeren, Hanne-
item.contributorVan Weyenbergh, Johan-
item.contributorCuypers, Lize-
item.contributorAndre, Emmanuel-
item.contributorDurkin, Keith-
item.contributorMaes, Piet-
item.contributorKhan , Kamran-
item.contributorHuber, Carmen-
item.contributorSuchard, Marc A.-
item.contributorMaidadi Foudi, Martin-
item.contributorGodwe, Celestin-
item.contributorMoumbeket Yifomnjou, Moise Henri-
item.contributorLandry, Messanga-
item.contributorNjouom, Richard-
item.contributorMbala Kingebeni, Placide-
item.contributorOluniyi, Paul-
item.contributorOlawoye, Idowu B.-
item.contributorHappi, Christian-
item.contributorAyouba, Ahidjo-
item.contributorPeeters , Martine-
item.contributorBehillil, Sylvie-
item.contributorSimon-Loriere, Etienne-
item.contributorHolzer, Martin-
item.contributorDellicour, Simon-
item.contributorDudas, Gytis-
item.contributorBaele, Guy-
item.fulltextWith Fulltext-
crisitem.journal.eissn2057-1577-
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