Evaluating Cargo Bike Delivery Applications in Urban Logistics: The Case of Zagreb

Abstract

This study examines cargo bikes as a sustainable alternative for urban deliveries in Zagreb by comparing two delivery models: a conventional van-only system and a two-stage model in which cargo bikes operate from a city micro-hub. The analysis is based on GIS-based network simulations using OpenRouteService routing algorithms, integrating spatial data on 21 GLS parcel locker locations. Emissions were calculated using standard CO₂ factors for diesel vehicles, and operational time was derived by combining travel duration and estimated stop times. Results show that the two-stage model reduces CO₂ emissions by around 40% and decreases operational time by 23.5 minutes per delivery cycle. When scaled citywide, the approach could deliver substantial annual emission savings. The findings align with European and international case studies, reinforcing cargo bikes as a practical solution for low-emission urban logistics.