Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/1942/48358
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dc.contributor.authorBelderbos, Rene-
dc.contributor.authorPark, Jinhyuck (Joseph)-
dc.contributor.authorLETEN, Bart-
dc.contributor.authorSantangelo, Grazia D.-
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-02T14:10:18Z-
dc.date.available2026-02-02T14:10:18Z-
dc.date.issued2025-
dc.date.submitted2026-02-02T12:32:47Z-
dc.identifier.citationStrategic organization,-
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1942/48358-
dc.description.abstractAppropriating returns to research and development is a crucial concern for firms conducting research and development under weak intellectual property rights regimes. To safeguard against such risks, firms can resort to an internal collaboration strategy in which technologies are developed in cross-border inventor teams. We argue that the adoption of such organizational strategies depends on the characteristics of the technology: its codifiability and complexity. We develop and test a framework in which the adoption of organizational strategies for appropriation is a function of excludability and imitability, with technology characteristics influencing imitability and misappropriation risks. Our patent-level study of cross-border internal collaboration strategies by 613 foreign research and development establishments of 101 leading multinational enterprises suggests strong technological boundary conditions to the use of organizational strategies to deal with intellectual property risks abroad.-
dc.description.sponsorshipFunding The authors disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by Sogang University Research Grant No. 202310053.01 and FWO Grant No. G075520N. Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank the editor, Caterina Moschieri, two anonymous reviewers, Pierre Mohnen, John Hagedoorn, Katrin Hussinger, Keun Lee, Boris Lokshin, and participants at the IP Statistics for Decision Makers conference in Alicante, III Workshop on Innovation and Firm Performance in Reus, the iBEGIN workshop in Amsterdam, the Strategic Management Society Annual Conference in Minneapolis, the 2022 European International Business Academy conference in Oslo, and seminars at Tilburg University, University of Amsterdam Business School, HIAS Hitotsubashi University, UNU-MERIT, KU Leuven, NEOMA BS, UC3M, KAIST, Seoul National University, and Sogang University for comments on earlier drafts.-
dc.language.isoen-
dc.publisherSAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD-
dc.rightsThe Author(s) 2026-
dc.subject.othercodified and complex technological knowledge-
dc.subject.othercodified and complex technological knowledge-
dc.subject.othercross-border internal collaboration strategies-
dc.subject.othercross-border internal collaboration strategies-
dc.subject.otherforeign R&D-
dc.subject.otherforeign R&D-
dc.subject.otherIPR-
dc.subject.otherIPR-
dc.titleCross-border organizational strategies for knowledge appropriation: Codified and complex technologies-
dc.typeJournal Contribution-
local.format.pages32-
local.bibliographicCitation.jcatA1-
dc.description.notesPark, J (corresponding author), Sogang Univ, Grad Sch Management Technol, Seoul 04107, South Korea.-
dc.description.notesjosephpark@sogang.ac.kr-
local.publisher.place1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND-
local.type.refereedRefereed-
local.type.specifiedArticle-
local.bibliographicCitation.statusEarly view-
dc.identifier.doi10.1177/14761270251410350-
dc.identifier.isi001664518700001-
local.provider.typewosris-
local.description.affiliation[Belderbos, Rene] Maastricht Univ, NBER, UNU MERIT, INSEE,CREST, Maastricht, Netherlands.-
local.description.affiliation[Park, Jinhyuck (Joseph)] Sogang Univ, Seoul, South Korea.-
local.description.affiliation[Leten, Bart] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.-
local.description.affiliation[Leten, Bart] Hasselt Univ, Hasselt, Belgium.-
local.description.affiliation[Santangelo, Grazia D.] Copenhagen Business Sch, Frederiksberg, Denmark.-
local.uhasselt.internationalyes-
item.fullcitationBelderbos, Rene; Park, Jinhyuck (Joseph); LETEN, Bart & Santangelo, Grazia D. (2025) Cross-border organizational strategies for knowledge appropriation: Codified and complex technologies. In: Strategic organization,.-
item.contributorBelderbos, Rene-
item.contributorPark, Jinhyuck (Joseph)-
item.contributorLETEN, Bart-
item.contributorSantangelo, Grazia D.-
item.fulltextWith Fulltext-
item.accessRightsRestricted Access-
crisitem.journal.issn1476-1270-
crisitem.journal.eissn1741-315X-
Appears in Collections:Research publications
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