Institutions and Tools for Redevelopment and Environmental Protection in the International Context: Transfer of Development Rights (TDR)

Abstract

This book explores the institution of Transfer of Development Rights (TDR) and its function as a tool for urban planning and environmental protection in both national and international contexts. Rooted in a broader cultural and legal framework, TDR allows for the redistribution of development potential to balance property rights with sustainable urban growth. The research highlights the differences in implementation across legal systems—particularly between continental and common law traditions—and identifies countries where the mechanism has been successfully institutionalised, such as the U.S.A., France, and Greece. Special emphasis is placed on constitutional boundaries, legal challenges, and the recovery of land value increments through planning interventions. Furthermore, it considers the role of TDR in protecting sensitive areas, preserving cultural heritage, and managing land use efficiently. Ultimately, the study presents TDR as a potentially effective instrument for reconciling public and private interests while promoting sustainable urban development.