Evaluating urban freight policies through modeling and simulation: A systematic literature review

Abstract

Urban freight policies are increasingly introduced to regulate freight activities and improve urban sustainability. However, their operational impacts on logistics systems remain difficult to evaluate. This study presents a systematic review of research that assesses urban freight policies using vehicle routing models or simulation methods. The study develops a classification of policy measures, examines how these policies are represented in analytical models, and analyzes their impacts on firm operations and urban sustainability outcomes, while identifying underexplored decision areas.