Black spot analysis methods: literature review

Abstract

In this text, a literature review is given of the methods and techniques that are used to analyse black spots and black zones. Although, no universally accepted definition of a black spot or black zone is given, these locations will in general be described as high risk accident locations. In this context, several statistical models are described in literature to model the accident frequency and accident severity. This study gives an overview of these models. Additionally, several alternative methods that are used to identify and rank black spots are described. Furthermore, some techniques that are used to profile these accident locations and the use of before- and after studies to estimate the effect of treatment on these sites are discussed in this text. Finally, an overview of the methods and techniques that are used in Belgium, Denmark and Australia to analyse black spots is presented.