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Title: | European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption (ESAC): outpatient macrolide, lincosamide and streptogramin (MLS) use in Europe (1997-2009) | Authors: | Adriaenssens, Niels Coenen, Samuel Versporten, Ann Muller, Arno AYELE, Girma FAES, Christel Vankerckhoven, Vanessa AERTS, Marc HENS, Niel MOLENBERGHS, Geert Goossens, Herman |
Issue Date: | 2011 | Publisher: | OXFORD UNIV PRESS | Source: | JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY, 66(S6), p. VI37-VI45 | Abstract: | Background: Data on more than a decade of outpatient macrolide, lincosamide and streptogramin (MLS) use in Europe were collected from 33 countries within the European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption (ESAC) project, funded by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), using the WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC)/defined daily dose (DDD) methodology. Methods: For the period 1997-2009, data on outpatient use of systemic MLS aggregated at the level of the active substance were collected and expressed in DDD (WHO, version 2011) per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID). Using a classification based on mean plasma elimination half-life, macrolide use was analysed for trends over time, seasonal variation and composition. Results: Total outpatient MLS use in 2009 varied by a factor of 18 between the countries with highest (11.5 DID in Greece) and lowest (0.6 DID in Sweden) use. MLS use showed high seasonal variation. Short-, intermediate- and long-acting macrolides were the most commonly used agents in 2, 25 and 5 countries, respectively (mainly erythromycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin, respectively). In Sweden, mainly lincosamides (clindamycin) were used. Lincosamide use was observed in all countries, while substantial use of a streptogramin was only seen in France (pristinamycin). For Europe, a significant increase in outpatient MLS use was found, as well as a significant seasonal variation, which increased over time from 1997 to 2009. Relative use of long-acting macrolides and lincosamides significantly increased over time with respect to intermediate-acting macrolides, and relative use of the latter increased with respect to short-acting macrolides. Conclusions: The observed differences between European countries in the levels of MLS use and the extreme seasonal variations in their use suggest that this subgroup of antibiotics is still prescribed inappropriately in many countries. | Notes: | [Adriaenssens, Niels; Coenen, Samuel; Versporten, Ann; Muller, Arno; Vankerckhoven, Vanessa; Goossens, Herman] Univ Antwerp, Lab Med Microbiol, Vaccine & Infect Dis Inst VAXINFECTIO, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. [Adriaenssens, Niels; Coenen, Samuel] Univ Antwerp, Ctr Gen Practice, Vaccine & Infect Dis Inst VAXINFECTIO, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. [Minalu, Girma; Faes, Christel; Aerts, Marc; Hens, Niel; Molenberghs, Geert] Univ Hasselt, Interuniv Inst Biostat & Stat Bioinformat I BIOST, Hasselt, Belgium. [Hens, Niel] Univ Antwerp, CHERMID, Vaccine & Infect Dis Inst VAXINFECTIO, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. [Molenberghs, Geert] Catholic Univ Louvain, Interuniv Inst Biostat & Stat Bioinformat I BIOST, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. niels.adriaenssens@ua.ac.be | Keywords: | antibiotic use; drug consumption; pharmacoepidemiology; ambulatory care;antibiotic use; drug consumption; pharmacoepidemiology; ambulatory care | Document URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/1942/12918 | ISSN: | 0305-7453 | e-ISSN: | 1460-2091 | DOI: | 10.1093/jac/dkr456 | ISI #: | 000297228400005 | Rights: | # The Author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com | Category: | A1 | Type: | Journal Contribution | Validations: | ecoom 2012 |
Appears in Collections: | Research publications |
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