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Title: | Direct observation of electron emission from grain boundaries in CVD diamond by PeakForce-controlled tunnelling atomic force microscopy | Authors: | Harniman, Robert L. Fox, Oliver J. L. JANSSEN, Wiebke DRIJKONINGEN, Sien HAENEN, Ken May, Paul W. |
Issue Date: | 2015 | Publisher: | PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD | Source: | CARBON, 94, p. 386-395 | Abstract: | A detailed investigation of electron emission from a set of chemical vapour deposited (CVD) diamond films is reported using high-resolution PeakForce-controlled tunnelling atomic force microscopy (PF-TUNA). Electron field emission originates preferentially from the grain boundaries in low-conductivity polycrystalline diamond samples, and not from the top of features or sharp edges. Samples with smaller grains and more grain boundaries, such as nanocrystalline diamond, produce a higher emission current over a more uniform area than diamond samples with larger grain size. Light doping with N, B or P increases the grain conductivity, with the result that the emitting grain-boundary sites become broader as the emission begins to creep up the grain sidewalls. For heavy B doping, where the grains are now more conducting than the grain boundaries, emission comes from both the grain boundaries and the grains almost equally. Lightly P-doped diamond samples show emission from step-edges on the (111) surfaces. Emission intensity was time dependent, with the measured current dropping to similar to 10% of its initial value similar to 30 h after removal from the CVD chamber. This decrease is ascribed to the build-up of adsorbates on the surface along with an increase in the surface conductivity due to surface transfer doping. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. | Notes: | [Harniman, Robert L.; Fox, Oliver J. L.; May, Paul W.] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. [Janssen, Wiebke; Drijkoningen, Sien; Haenen, Ken] Hasselt Univ, Inst Mat Res IMO, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. [Janssen, Wiebke; Haenen, Ken] IMEC VZW, IMOMEC, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. | Document URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/1942/19662 | ISSN: | 0008-6223 | e-ISSN: | 1873-3891 | DOI: | 10.1016/j.carbon.2015.06.082 | ISI #: | 000360294900045 | Rights: | © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). | Category: | A1 | Type: | Journal Contribution | Validations: | ecoom 2016 |
Appears in Collections: | Research publications |
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harniman 1.pdf | Published version | 4.38 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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