Fully quantitative carbon-13 NMR characterization of resol phenolformaldehyde prepolymer resins

Abstract

Different resol phenol -formaldehyde prepolymer resins have been synthesized with different Formaldehyde/Phenol (F/P) ratios or different catalysts and characterized by C-13 NMR spectroscopy in solution. A fast quantitative measuring protocol is proposed based on the use of chromium(III)acetylacetonate as a relaxation agent. APT (attached proton test) and DEPT (distortionless enhancement by polarisation transfer) spectra were acquired to enable proper resonance assignments, especially in the regions with severe signal overlap. Equations are presented in which the methylene bridges (MB), the methylol groups (MG) and the dimethylene ether bridges (DMEB) of resol resins are quantitatively taken into account. Important structural factors determined quantitatively for resol prepolymer resins are the F/P ratio after reaction, the degree of polymerization (n), the number average molecular weight (M-n) and the content of free ortho and para positions. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.