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Title: | Cross-species pathogen spillover across ecosystem boundaries: mechanisms and theory | Authors: | BORREMANS, Benny Faust, Christina Manlove, Kezia R. Sokolow, Susanne H. Lloyd-Smith, James O. |
Issue Date: | 2019 | Publisher: | ROYAL SOC | Source: | PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 374(1782) (Art N° 20180344) | Abstract: | Pathogen spillover between different host species is the trigger for many infectious disease outbreaks and emergence events, and ecosystem boundary areas have been suggested as spatial hotspots of spillover. This hypothesis is largely based on suspected higher rates of zoonotic disease spillover and emergence in fragmented landscapes and other areas where humans live in close vicinity to wildlife. For example, Ebola virus outbreaks have been linked to contacts between humans and infected wildlife at the rural-forest border, and spillover of yellow fever via mosquito vectors happens at the interface between forest and human settlements. Because spillover involves complex interactions between multiple species and is difficult to observe directly, empirical studies are scarce, particularly those that quantify underlying mechanisms. In this review, we identify and explore potential ecological mechanisms affecting spillover of pathogens (and parasites in general) at ecosystem boundaries. We borrow the concept of 'permeability' from animal movement ecology as a measure of the likelihood that hosts and parasites are present in an ecosystem boundary region. We then discuss how different mechanisms operating at the levels of organisms and ecosystems might affect permeability and spillover. This review is a step towards developing a general theory of cross-species parasite spillover across ecosystem boundaries with the eventual aim of improving predictions of spillover risk in heterogeneous landscapes. This article is part of the theme issue 'Dynamic and integrative approaches to understanding pathogen spillover'. | Notes: | [Borremans, Benny; Lloyd-Smith, James O.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Borremans, Benny] Univ Hasselt, Interuniv Inst Biostat & Stat Bioinformat I BIOST, Hasselt, Limburg, Belgium. [Faust, Christina] Univ Glasgow, Inst Biodivers Anim Hlth & Comparat Med, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Faust, Christina] Univ Glasgow, Wellcome Ctr Mol Parasitol, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Manlove, Kezia R.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Manlove, Kezia R.] Utah State Univ, Ecol Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Sokolow, Susanne H.] Stanford Univ, Woods Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Manlove, Kezia R.] Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Vet Microbiol & Pathol, 2917 Oliver St, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. | Keywords: | cross-boundary spillover; edge effects; emerging infectious disease; fragmentation; disease ecology; spillover theory;cross-boundary spillover; edge effects; emerging infectious disease; fragmentation; disease ecology; spillover theory | Document URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/1942/29141 | ISSN: | 0962-8436 | e-ISSN: | 1471-2970 | DOI: | 10.1098/rstb.2018.0344 | ISI #: | 000480715600009 | Rights: | 2019 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved | Category: | A1 | Type: | Journal Contribution | Validations: | ecoom 2020 |
Appears in Collections: | Research publications |
Files in This Item:
File | Description | Size | Format | |
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borremans2019.pdf | Published version | 941.69 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
Borremans et al Spillover across ecosystem boundaries preprint.pdf | Peer-reviewed author version | 1.01 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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