Atrial fibrillation screening with photo-plethysmography through a smartphone camera

Abstract

Aims This cross-sectional study was set up to assess the feasibility of mass screening for atrial fibrillation (AF) with only the use of a smartphone. Methods and results A local newspaper published an article, allowing to subscribe for a 7-day screening period to detect AF. Screening was performed through an application that uses photo-plethysmography (PPG) technology by exploiting a smartphone camera. Participants received instructions on how to perform correct measurements twice daily, with notifications pushed through the application's software. In case of heart rhythm irregularities, raw PPG signals underwent secondary offline analysis to confirm a final diagnosis. From 12328 readers who voluntarily signed up for screening (49 +/- 14 years; 58% men), 120446 unique PPG traces were obtained. Photo-plethysmography signal quality was adequate for analysis in 92% of cases. Possible AF was detected in 136 individuals (1.1%). They were older (P<0.001), more frequently men (P<0.001), and had higher body mass index (P=0.004). In addition, participants who strictly adhered to the recommended screening frequency (i.e. twice daily) were more often diagnosed with possible AF (1.9% vs. 1.0% in individuals who did not adhere; P = 0.008). Symptoms of palpitations, confusion, and shortness of breath were more frequent in case of AF (P<0.001). The cumulative diagnostic yield for possible AF increased from 0.4% with a single heart rhythm assessment to 1.4% with screening during the entire 7-day screening period. Conclusion Mass screening for AF using only a smartphone with dedicated application based on PPG technology is feasible and attractive because of its low cost and logistic requirements.