Cognitive-motor interference in persons with multiple sclerosis during five upper limb motor tasks with different complexity

Abstract

Background: Cognitive-motor interference in multiple sclerosis has been well examined during walking, but not during upper limb (UL) performance. Objectives: To examine the dual-task cost (DTC) in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) and healthy controls (HC) in various type and complexity of UL motor tasks. Method: In total, 30 pwMS without major UL impairment and 30 HC performed five different UL tasks, in single condition and combined with the phonemic word list generation task. The percent change in performances was evaluated by the motor, cognitive, and combined DTC. The motor tasks consisted of four unimanual (sustained hand grip strength, box-and-block test, Purdue pegboard test, finger tapping task) and one bimanual task (Purdue pegboard test). Group and task differences were analyzed with unpaired and paired t-tests, respectively, and overall effect with a multivariate analysis of variance. Results: The motor DTC ranged between 10% (Purdue pegboard bimanual) and 35% (box-and-block test). The cognitive DTC ranged between -8% (finger tapping test) and +21% (bimanual Purdue pegboard). The magnitude of the combined DTC did not differ significantly between pwMS and HC in any task. Conclusion: DTC is influenced by the complexity of the UL task, but was not significantly different between HC and cognitive intact, but mildly motor disabled pwMS.