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Title: | Virtualization Overhead of Multithreading in X86 State-of-the-Art & Remaining Challenges | Authors: | SCHILDERMANS, Stijn Shan, JC AERTS, Kris Jackrel, J Ding, XN |
Issue Date: | 2021 | Publisher: | IEEE COMPUTER SOC | Source: | IEEE transactions on parallel and distributed systems (Print), 32 (10) , p. 2557 -2570 | Abstract: | Despite great advancements in hardware-assisted virtualization of the x86 architecture, certain workloads still suffer significant overhead. This article dissects said overhead in the context of multi-threading. We describe the state-of-the-art, pinpoint challenges, and suggest improvements, aiming to provide a valuable reference to developers and users of virtualization systems alike. We study the virtualization overhead of the PARSEC and SPLASH2X multithreaded benchmarks in a variety of scenarios using a state-of-the-art system. Through controlled experiments, source code analysis and literature review, we quantify the virtualization overhead multithreading still induces and link it to its root causes, after which we suggest possible mitigation strategies. Multithreading still induces high virtualization overhead, mainly caused by synchronization, spinning at user level and NUMA management. The overhead is diverse in nature and embodiment as it is a function of many system and workload properties. System-level solutions are feasible, but often imply difficult trade-offs. Systematic workload optimization is a promising alternative. | Keywords: | Virtualization;Virtual machine monitors;Hardware;Synchronization;Multithreading;Spinning;Degradation;Multi-threading;virtualization;overhead;performance;guidelines;classification | Document URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/1942/37728 | ISSN: | 1045-9219 | e-ISSN: | 1558-2183 | DOI: | 10.1109/tpds.2021.3064709 | ISI #: | 000647322600002 | Rights: | 2021 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission. See https://www.ieee.org/publications/rights/index.html for more information. | Category: | A1 | Type: | Journal Contribution |
Appears in Collections: | Research publications |
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Virtualization Overhead of Multithreading in X86 State-of-the-Art & Remaining Challenges.pdf Restricted Access | Published version | 1.56 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open Request a copy |
main.pdf | Peer-reviewed author version | 4.21 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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