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Title: | Longitudinal trajectory of medial gastrocnemius muscle growth in the first years of life | Authors: | De Beukelaer, Nathalie Vandekerckhove, Ines Molenberghs, Geert Naulaers, Gunnar Thewissen, Liesbeth Costamagna, Domiziana Van Campenhout, Anja Desloovere, Kaat Ortibus, Els |
Issue Date: | 2023 | Publisher: | WILEY | Source: | DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY, | Status: | Early view | Abstract: | Aim: To define the longitudinal trajectory of gastrocnemius muscle growth in 6- to 36-month-old children with and without spastic cerebral palsy (SCP) and to compare trajectories by levels of gross motor function (Gross Motor Function Classification System, GMFCS) and presumed brain-lesion timing.Method: Twenty typically developing children and 24 children with SCP (GMFCS levels I-II/III-IV = 15/9), were included (28/16 females/males; mean age at first scan 15.4 months [standard deviation 4.93, range 6.24-23.8]). Three-dimensional freehand ultrasound was used to repeatedly assess muscle volume, length, and cross-sectional area (CSA), resulting in 138 assessments (mean interval 7.9 months). Brain lesion timing was evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging classification. Linear mixed-effects models defined growth rates, adjusted for GMFCS levels and presumed brain-lesion timing.Results: At age 12 months, children with SCP showed smaller morphological muscle size than typically developing children (5.8 mL vs 9.8 mL, p < 0.001), while subsequently no differences in muscle growth were found between children with and without SCP (muscle volume: 0.65 mL/month vs 0.74 mL/month). However, muscle volume and CSA growth rates were lower in children classified in GMFCS levels III and IV than typically developing children and those classified in GMFCS levels I and II, with differences ranging from -56% to -70% (p < 0.001).Interpretation: Muscle growth is already hampered during infancy in SCP. Muscle size growth further reduces with decreasing functional levels, independently from the brain lesion. Early monitoring of muscle growth combined with early intervention is needed. | Notes: | De Beukelaer, N (corresponding author), Weligerveld 1, B-3212 Pellenberg, Belgium. nathalie.debeukelaer@kuleuven.be |
Keywords: | Abbreviations: CSA;cross-sectional area; SCP;spastic cerebral palsy | Document URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/1942/41719 | ISSN: | 0012-1622 | e-ISSN: | 1469-8749 | DOI: | 10.1111/dmcn.15763 | ISI #: | 001075892300001 | Rights: | 2023 The Authors. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Mac Keith Press. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. | Category: | A1 | Type: | Journal Contribution |
Appears in Collections: | Research publications |
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Longitudinal trajectory of medial gastrocnemius muscle growth in the first years of life.pdf | Early view | 2.21 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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