The perspectives of neurologists on positron emission tomography utility in multiple sclerosis: A qualitative study

Abstract

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard for imaging disease activity in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. However, recent studies indicate that positron emission tomography (PET) may provide added value in visualizing MS disease in the future. Objective: This study aims to investigate the barriers to implementing PET for MS patients and its potential added value in the context of MS. Methods: 11 semi-structured in-depth interviews with neurologists specialized in MS were conducted. The neurologists were selectively recruited from six medical centers in Belgium and the Netherlands. Inductive thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: The interviews revealed several hurdles that play a role in using PET for MS, including financial and scientific considerations. Potential clinical applications of PET were also identified, such as understanding unexplained symptoms, making a more accurate prognosis, evaluating the nature and seriousness of a lesion, and assessing disease activity. In addition, research applications were highlighted, including unraveling the pathophysiology of MS and developing new treatment options for MS. Conclusion: Using PET is advancing our understanding of MS and can accelerate the development of novel therapies to combat its progression. However, its integration into routine clinical practice for MS remains a future prospect, contingent upon further technological advancements and supportive healthcare frameworks.