A Physics-based Framework for Modelling the Performance and Reliability of BIPV Systems

Abstract

Building-Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) systems, operating at elevated temperatures and subject to frequent shading, face unique challenges impacting their performance and reliability. This study presents a comprehensive simulation framework to model and evaluate BIPV system performance and reliability. The framework integrates sub-models for buildings, energy yield, and PV module reliability, validated with experimental data from a BIPV demonstrator. Initially applied to highlight the importance of accurately estimating the micro-climate around the BIPV system, the framework significantly improves modeling accuracy compared to relying solely on ambient climate conditions. The simulation further explores the reliability implications of ventilation in BIPV installations, showing that properly ventilated systems exceed the 25-year module warranty across various climates. Conversely, systems without ventilation experience substantial module lifetime reductions, particularly in hot and dry, and hot and humid climates. The framework is also employed to assess shading impacts on PV module reliability, revealing that while shaded BIPV systems exhibit improved module lifetime, the gains are insufficient to offset energy losses. The proposed framework facilitates diverse "what if" simulations, offering crucial insights into the performance and reliability of BIPV systems for research and project bankability.