Including information on the therapeutic window in bioequivalence acceptance

Abstract

Purpose. A novel bioequivalence limit is proposed taking into account the therapeutic window. Methods. The therapeutic range is introduced as the ratios maximum tolerated dose/therapeutic dose (MTD/D) and the therapeutic dose/lowest effective dose. The performance of the new acceptance range was compared with the methods of Schuirmann and Karalis. The method was retrospectively applied to data of three drugs with a narrow therapeutic window (phenytoin, theophylline and digoxin). Results. Simulations and examples show that the resulting bioequivalence limits are (1) narrow for narrow-index drugs, (2) expanded for highly variable drugs with a wide therapeutic window and (3) similar to the classical limits for less variable drugs with a wide therapeutic range. Conclusions. The approach has the desirable property of resulting in a more narrow acceptance range for doses near the boundaries of the therapeutic window and a wider acceptance range for products with a broad therapeutic window.