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Title: | Effects of Flight and Smoothing Parameters on the Detection of Taxus and Olive Trees with UAV-Borne Imagery | Authors: | OTTOY, Sam Tziolas, Nikolaos Van Meerbeek, Koenraad Aravidis, Ilias Tilkin, Servaas Sismanis, Michail Stavrakoudis, Dimitris Gitas, Ioannis Z. Zalidis, George DE VOCHT, Alain |
Issue Date: | 2022 | Publisher: | MDPI | Source: | DRONES, 6 (8) (Art N° 197) | Abstract: | Recent technical and jurisdictional advances, together with the availability of low-cost platforms, have facilitated the implementation of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in individual tree detection (ITD) applications. UAV-based photogrammetry or structure from motion is an example of such a low-cost technique, but requires detailed pre-flight planning in order to generate the desired 3D-products needed for ITD. In this study, we aimed to find the most optimal flight parameters (flight altitude and image overlap) and processing options (smoothing window size) for the detection of taxus trees in Belgium. Next, we tested the transferability of the developed marker-controlled segmentation algorithm by applying it to the delineation of olive trees in an orchard in Greece. We found that the processing parameters had a larger effect on the accuracy and precision of ITD than the flight parameters. In particular, a smoothing window of 3 x 3 pixels performed best (F-scores of 0.99) compared to no smoothing (F-scores between 0.88 and 0.90) or a window size of 5 (F-scores between 0.90 and 0.94). Furthermore, the results show that model transferability can still be a bottleneck as it does not capture management induced characteristics such as the typical crown shape of olive trees (F-scores between 0.55 and 0.61). | Notes: | Ottoy, S (corresponding author), PXL Univ Coll, Biores, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.; Ottoy, S (corresponding author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Div Forest Nat & Landscape, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.; Ottoy, S (corresponding author), Hasselt Univ, Ctr Environm Sci, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. sam.ottoy@pxl.be |
Keywords: | SfM;tree segmentation;drone;UAS;mission planning;3D-point clouds | Document URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/1942/38062 | e-ISSN: | 2504-446X | DOI: | 10.3390/drones6080197 | ISI #: | 000845989600001 | Rights: | 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). | Category: | A1 | Type: | Journal Contribution | Validations: | ecoom 2023 |
Appears in Collections: | Research publications |
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Effects of Flight and Smoothing Parameters on the Detection of Taxus and Olive Trees with UAV-Borne Imagery.pdf | Published version | 3.5 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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