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Title: | Age-related changes in the fractal dimension of the retinal microvasculature, effects of cardiovascular risk factors and smoking behaviour | Authors: | Lemmens, Sophie LUYTS, Martial Gerrits, Nele IVANOVA, Anna Landtmeeters, Charlien Peeters, Reinout Simons, Anne-Sophie Vercauteren, Julie Sunaric-Megevand, Gordana Van Keer, Karel MOLENBERGHS, Geert DE BOEVER, Patrick Stalmans, Ingeborg |
Issue Date: | 2022 | Publisher: | WILEY | Source: | Acta ophthalmologica (2008. Print), 100 (5), p. E1112-E1119 | Abstract: | Purpose This cross-sectional study investigates the association between retinal vessel complexity and age and studies the effects of cardiovascular health determinants. Methods Retinal vessel complexity was assessed by calculating the box-counting fractal dimension (D-f) from digital fundus photographs of 850 subjects (3-97 years). All photographs were labelled as 'non-pathological' by the treating ophthalmologist. Results Statistical models showed a significantly decreasing relationship between age and D-f (linear: R-squared = 0.1897, p < 0.0001; quadratic: R-squared = 0.2343, p < 0.0001; cubic: R-squared = 0.2721, p < 0.0001), with the cubic regression model offering the best compromise between accuracy and model simplicity. Multivariate cubic regression showed that age, spherical equivalent and smoking behaviour have an effect (p < 0.0001) on D-f. A significantly increasing effect of the number of pack-years on D-f was observed (effect: 0.0004, p = 0.0017), as well as a significantly decreasing effect of years since tobacco abstinence (effect: -0.0149, p < 0.0001). Conclusion We propose using a cubic trend with age, refractive error and smoking behaviour when interpreting retinal vessel complexity. | Notes: | Lemmens, S (corresponding author), Univ Hosp UZ Leuven, Dept Ophthalmol, Herestr 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. sophie.1.lemmens@uzleuven.be |
Keywords: | age;cardiovascular health;fractal dimension;refractive error;retinal vasculature;smoking | Document URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/1942/35901 | ISSN: | 1755-375X | e-ISSN: | 1755-3768 | DOI: | 10.1111/aos.15047 | ISI #: | WOS:000715154800001 | Rights: | 2021 The Authors. Acta Ophthalmologica published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Acta OphthalmologicaScandinavica Foundation.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivsLicense, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made | Category: | A1 | Type: | Journal Contribution | Validations: | ecoom 2022 |
Appears in Collections: | Research publications |
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